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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Studies in the History of Science and Technology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Studies in the History of Science and Technology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы истории естествознания и техники</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0205-9606</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-041X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">671658</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S020596060024500-2</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Institutions and Museums</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Институты и музеи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Museums of Science and Technology: From a Collection of Technical Innovations to Historico-Technical Collections</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Научно-технические музеи: от собрания новинок техники к историко-техническим собраниям</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonova</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонова</surname><given-names>Мария Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>redakcia-viet@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Polytechnic Museum</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Политехнический музей</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 44, NO1 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 44, №1 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>173</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniâ i tehniki</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Вопросы истории естествознания и техники</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniâ i tehniki</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вопросы истории естествознания и техники</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://gynecology.orscience.ru/0205-9606/article/view/671658">https://gynecology.orscience.ru/0205-9606/article/view/671658</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The emergence of the museums of science and technology is associated with many factors such as the Industrial Revolution, the interest in collecting, and society’s demand for education and training. As a rule, museums were created based on already assembled collections or by organizing major exhibitions in order to collect relevant objects. The article discusses the history and goals of establishing two largest science and technology museums in Europe, the Kensington Museum (Science Museum) in London and the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers in Paris, and the Polytechnic Museum in Moscow, whose creation was influenced by the aforementioned European museums. The article also analyzes the shifts in the composition of collections in these three museums, depending on their maturity, and shifts in the attitude towards “aging” items. Based on museum catalogs and other published sources, the development of museum collections is traced from the predominance of new technologies to the formation of historico-technical collections.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Возникновение научно-технических музеев связывают со многими факторами – промышленной революцией, интересом к коллекционированию, запросом общества на просвещение и образование. Как правило, музеи создавались на базе уже собранных коллекций или путем организации крупных выставок для целенаправленного сбора предметов. В статье рассматриваются история и цели создания двух крупнейших научно-технических музеев Европы – Консерватории искусств и ремесел в Париже и Кенсингтонского музея (Музея науки) в Лондоне) – и Политехнического музея в Москве, при организации которого был учтен опыт упомянутых зарубежных музеев. Также в статье проводится анализ изменения состава фондов в зависимости от «взросления» этих трех музеев и изменение отношения к «стареющим» предметам. Основываясь на каталогах музеев и опубликованных источниках, прослеживается развитие фондового собрания музеев от преобладания новинок техники до формирования историко-технических коллекций. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>museum</kwd><kwd>science and technology museum</kwd><kwd>history of science and technology</kwd><kwd>museology</kwd><kwd>monuments of science and technology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>музей</kwd><kwd>научно-технический музей</kwd><kwd>история науки и техники</kwd><kwd>музееведение</kwd><kwd>памятники науки и техники</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ananʼeva, O. A. (2007) Vychislitelʼnye mashiny dlia vypolneniia arifmeticheskikh deistvii. 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