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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Studies in the History of Science and Technology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Studies in the History of Science and Technology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы истории естествознания и техники</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0205-9606</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2713-041X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">691754</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0205960625030065</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">uyrqhr</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Historical Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Исторические обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The History of Formation of Biosphere Approach in Evolutionism in the USSR</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>История становления в СССР биосферного подхода в теории эволюции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mariannakozlova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S. I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт истории естествознания и техники им. С. И. Вавилова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>46</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 46, NO3 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 46, №3 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>524</fpage><lpage>539</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-01"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-10-01"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://gynecology.orscience.ru/0205-9606/article/view/691754">https://gynecology.orscience.ru/0205-9606/article/view/691754</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the history of evolutionism in the USSR. The main approaches to evolution research are phylogenetic and biosphere approaches. Phylogenetic approach was typical for Darwinism and Modern Synthesis. Adherents to this approach described the development of phyletic lines without explaining the aspects of macroevolution in biotic communities. Adherents to biosphere approach have come to understand the evolution of the living world as a succession of ecosystems in geological time. The approach to the evolution of biota as a single system can be seen in the works of L. S. Berg and D. N. Sobolev; subsequently the biosphere approach in the modern sense began to develop thanks to V. I. Vernadsky and a number of Russian ecologists. Thus, the biosphere approach in evolutionism developed in the USSR along with the Modern Synthesis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Данная статья посвящена истории эволюционизма в СССР. Выделены два основных подхода к изучению эволюции: филогенетический и биосферный. Филогенетический подход был характерен для учения Ч. Дарвина и синтетической теории эволюции (СТЭ). Его приверженцы описывали развитие отдельных филетических линий, не объясняя особенностей макроэволюции в биоценозах. Сторонники биосферного подхода рассматривают эволюционный процесс как смену экосистем в геологическом времени. Подход к эволюции биоты как единой макросистемы имел место у Л. С. Берга и Д. Н. Соболева; позднее биосферный подход, уже в современном понимании, начал развиваться благодаря В. И. Вернадскому и некоторым отечественным экологам. Таким образом, в СССР наряду с развитием СТЭ происходило становление биосферного подхода в эволюционной теории.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phylogenetic approach</kwd><kwd>Darwinism</kwd><kwd>Modern Synthesis</kwd><kwd>nomogenesis</kwd><kwd>biosphere approach</kwd><kwd>evolutionary ecology</kwd><kwd>global ecology</kwd><kwd>ecosystem theory of evolution</kwd><kwd>concept of organization and evolution of biosphere</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>филогенетический подход</kwd><kwd>дарвинизм</kwd><kwd>синтетическая теория эволюции</kwd><kwd>номогенез</kwd><kwd>биосферный подход</kwd><kwd>эволюционная экология</kwd><kwd>глобальная экология</kwd><kwd>экосистемная теория эволюции</kwd><kwd>концепция организации и эволюции биосферы</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Alekseev, A. S. 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