Studies in the History of Science and TechnologyStudies in the History of Science and TechnologyВопросы истории естествознания и техники0205-96062713-041XRussian Academy of Sciences69941710.7868/S2713041X25060089Materials for the Biographies of Scientists and EngineersМатериалы к биографиям ученых и инженеровResearch ArticleN. I. EVGENOV – PARTICIPANT AND LEADER OF THE KARA EXPEDITIONS IN 1925–1931Н. И. ЕВГЕНОВ – УЧАСТНИК И РУКОВОДИТЕЛЬ КАРСКИХ ЭКСПЕДИЦИЙ 1925–1931 гг.RudI. AРудьИ. А

St. Petersburg Branch

Санкт-Петербургский филиал

vertu1815@yandex.ruS. I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут истории естествознания и техники им. С. И. Вавилова РАН15122025464VOL 46, NO4 (2025)ТОМ 46, №4 (2025)75277425122025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://gynecology.orscience.ru/0205-9606/article/view/699417

The Kara Sea commodity exchange expeditions were carried out annually in the Arctic, promoting the development of trade relations between the European countries and Western Siberia. The article examines the role of the prominent polar explorer Nikolay Ivanovich Evgenov (1888–1964) who took part in these expeditions in 1925–1931; in particular, his activities associated with scientific / operational (ice and hydrometeorological), research, and navigational / hydrographic support for the expeditions as well as his role as head of these voyages are analyzed. It is concluded that Evgenov was a pioneer in the development of scientific / operational (ice and hydrometeorological) support for Arctic navigation, which advanced further in the 1930s under the auspices of the Glavesvmorput (Northern Sea Route Authority). The article also analyzes Evgenov’s contribution to expanding complex systematic studies during the Kara Sea expeditions, examines his key role in the creation of the first pilot chart of the entire region of the Kara Sea and Novaya Zemlya, and his contribution to improving marine vessel pilotage in the Arctic and to organizing and equipping the Kara Sea expeditions. The author concludes that, under Evgenov, the position of head of the Kara Sea expeditions became the prototype of the position of head of naval operations that was established in the mid-1930s at the Glavesvmorput. Numerous archival sources were used in this article, including previously unpublished materials related to Evgenov.

В 1921–1932 гг. в Арктике ежегодно проходили Карские товарообменные экспедиции, направленные на развитие торговых связей между странами Европы и Западной Сибирью. В статье рассматривается роль в этих экспедициях выдающегося полярного исследователя Николая Ивановича Евгенова (1888–1964), который участвовал в них в 1925–1931 гг. В частности, проанализированы направления деятельности Евгенова, связанные с научно-оперативным, научно-исследовательским и навигационно-гидрографическим обеспечением экспедиций, а также его роль как руководителя данных путешествий. По результатам исследования сделан вывод о том, что Евгенов стоял у истоков развития научно-оперативного гидрометеорологического обеспечения мореплавания в Арктике, которое продолжило развиваться в 1930-е гг. под эгидой Главсевморпути. Также в работе проанализирован вклад Евгенова в расширение систематических комплексных научных исследований в ходе Карских экспедиций, рассмотрена его ключевая роль в создании первой лоции всего района Карского моря и Новой Земли и его вклад в совершенствование морской проводки судов в Арктике, организацию и снаряжение Карских экспедиций. Автор статьи приходит к выводу о том, что должность начальника Карских экспедиций при Евгенове стала прообразом должности начальника морских операций, созданной в середине 1930-х гг. при Главсевморпути. При написании статьи были использованы многочисленные архивные источники, включая ранее не публиковавшиеся материалы, касающиеся Евгенова.

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