РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНАЯ ДОЗИМЕТРИЯ НА ЮЖНОМ УРАЛЕ: 30 ЛЕТ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ В РАМКАХ ПРОЕКТА 1.1

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Аннотация

Несовершенство технологии хранения радиоактивных отходов в начальный период деятельности производственного объединения "Маяк" в 1950-е годы привело к долговременному радиоактивному загрязнению обширных территорий Южного и Среднего Урала. В 2024 г. исполнилось 30 лет с начала совместной работы российских и американских ученых в рамках объединенного координационного комитета по изучению последствий радиационных воздействий (JCCRER) в рамках Проекта 1.1. В результате сотрудничества был решен ряд научно-технических задач, возникающих при оценке индивидуальных доз облучения членов эпидемиологических когорт: когорт реки Течи, когорты ВУРСа, когорты потомков и объединенной Уральской когорты аварийно-облученного населения (УКАОН), сформированной в последние годы. В статье описаны основные задачи и методологии дозиметрических исследований на Южном Урале, а также наиболее значимые научные достижения, среди которых создание дозиметрической системы для расчетов доз облучения людей различного пола и возраста на основе результатов измерения количества радионуклидов в органах и тканях человека. Участники Проекта 1.1 приобрели опыт совместных научных исследований, а полученные в конечном счете оценки радиогенного риска могут быть использованы для обеспечения радиационной безопасности людей во всем мире.

Об авторах

Е. И Толстых

Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины ФМБА

Email: evgenia.tolstykh@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4958-3214
Челябинск, Россия

Е. А Шишкина

Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины ФМБА; Челябинский государственный университет

Email: lena@urcrm.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4464-0889
Челябинск, Россия; Челябинск, Россия

П. А Шарагин

Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины ФМБА

Email: sharagin@urcrm.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1457-4916
Челябинск, Россия

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