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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2079-5696</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2079-5831</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">109692</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20795696.2023.3.202032</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Menstrual function and mental health of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a continuous cross-sectional study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Менструальная функция и психическое здоровье студенток медицинского вуза в период пандемии COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-4969</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57194138092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbacheva</surname><given-names>Tatiana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доц. каф. акушерства и гинекологии с курсом дополнительного профессионального образования</p></bio><email>tg72@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9459-5698</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57191960907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>Maria G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>Мария Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Altai State Medical University, Altai Branch of the National Medical Research Center for Hematology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, каф. акушерства и гинекологии с курсом дополнительного профессионального образования АГМУ, ст. науч. сотр. Алтайского филиала НМИЦ гематологии</p></bio><email>nikolmg@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1791-7996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stroganov</surname><given-names>Alexander E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Строганов</surname><given-names>Александр Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор, каф. психиатрии, медицинской психологии и наркологии с курсом дополнительного профессионального образования</p></bio><email>jazz200261@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4290-9637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ст. преподаватель каф. анатоми</p></bio><email>studikm@agmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-6312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoreva</surname><given-names>Larisa A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорева</surname><given-names>Лариса Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доц. каф. акушерства и гинекологии с курсом дополнительного профессионального образования</p></bio><email>xoreva_larisa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6990-0515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Uvarova</surname><given-names>Yulia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уварова</surname><given-names>Юлия Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gynecologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-гинеколог</p></bio><email>Jugenic@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4336-9484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisyuk</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисюк</surname><given-names>Екатерина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка Института клинической медицины</p></bio><email>e-saranchuk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0135-0072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olovyannikov</surname><given-names>Yury S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оловянников</surname><given-names>Юрий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент Института клинической медицины</p></bio><email>olovyannikov2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Altai State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Алтайский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Altai Branch of the National Medical Research Center for Hematology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Алтайский филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр гематологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Emergency Hospital, Barnaul</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">КГБУЗ «Краевая клиническая больница скорой медицинской помощи»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>320</fpage><lpage>327</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-08-09"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/109692">https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/109692</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim</bold><bold>. </bold>To assess the impact of new coronavirus infection (NCI) and COVID-19 vaccination on menstrual function in comparison with the frequency of depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic among female students of a medical university.</p> <p><bold>Materials</bold> <bold>and</bold> <bold>methods</bold><bold>. </bold>Data for a continuous transverse (cross-sectional) study were obtained using an online survey. The questions included demographics, characteristics of menstrual function, the history of COVID-19 and vaccinations against it, and the standard CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) questionnaire. The survey included 1.879 female medical students. The exclusion criteria were age under 18 and over 25 years, hormonal contraceptives, pregnancy, childbirth during the last year, and vaccination after COVID-19. After applying the exclusion criteria, three study groups were formed. Group 1 included female students with a history of NCI (n=140), group 2 included students with no history of NCI, who were initially vaccinated against COVID-19 (n=647), group 3 (control group) included unvaccinated students with no history of NCI (n=55).</p> <p><bold>Results</bold><bold>.</bold> There were no differences in the prevalence of changes in menstrual function in female students after the NCI (49.3%) and after COVID-19 vaccination (39.6%) compared to the control group (43.6%); <italic>p</italic><italic>=</italic>0.477. The rate of depression in the overall study cohort was 43.3%, without any significant differences between the study groups. Significant predictors of changes in menstrual function during the pandemic were marriage (odds ratio – OR 2.33 [1.51–3.61]), depression (OR 1.72 [1.28–2.3]), a history of menstrual dysfunction (OR 1.5 [0.12–1.99]), and later menarche (OR 1.76 [1.02–3.04]). Multivariate analysis did not show the significance of the history of NCI and vaccination as factors of menstrual dysfunction (OR 1.61 [0.89–2.90] and OR 0.91 [0.59–1.41], respectively).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold><bold>. </bold>During the COVID-19 pandemic, female medical students reported frequent changes in menstrual function and depressive disorders. During the pandemic, the most significant predictors of menstrual disorders in female students were depression, a history of menstrual dysfunction, and marriage. A multicenter prospective study is necessary to clarify the mechanisms of the pandemic's impact on menstrual function.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценить влияние новой коронавирусной инфекции (НКИ) и вакцинации против COVID-19 на менструальную функцию в сопоставлении с частотой депрессивных нарушений в период пандемии COVID-19 среди студенток медицинского вуза.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Данные для сплошного поперечного (одномоментного) исследования получены при помощи онлайн-опроса. Вопросы анкеты включали демографические показатели, характеристики менструальной функции, наличия перенесенного заболевания COVID-19, а также вакцинации против него и стандартную шкалу-опросник Центра эпидемиологических исследований депрессии CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). В опросе приняли участие 1879 студенток медицинского вуза. Критериями исключения являлись возраст моложе 18 и старше 25 лет, прием гормональных контрацептивов, беременность и роды в течение последнего года, вакцинация после перенесенного заболевания COVID-19. После применения критериев исключения сформированы три группы исследования. Первая группа включала девушек-студенток, перенесших НКИ (n=140), 2-я группа – студенток, не болевших НКИ и первично вакцинированных против COVID-19 (n=647), в 3-ю группу (контрольную) включены неболевшие и невакцинированные студентки (n=55).</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Различий в частоте изменений менструальной функции у студенток после перенесенной НКИ (49,3%) и после вакцинации COVID-19 (39,6%) в сравнении с контрольной группой (43,6%) не выявлено (<italic>p</italic><italic>=</italic>0,477). Частота депрессии в общей когорте исследования составила 43,3% и не имела значимых различий в исследуемых группах. Значимыми предикторами изменений менструальной функции в период пандемии стали замужество (отношение шансов – ОШ 2,33 [1,51–3,61]), депрессия (ОШ 1,72 [1,28–2,3]), нарушение менструальной функции в анамнезе (ОШ 1,5 [0,12–1,99]), позднее менархе (ОШ 1,76 [1,02–3,04]). Многофакторный анализ не показал значимости перенесенной НКИ и вакцинации как факторов нарушения менструальной функции (ОШ 1,61 [0,89–2,90] и ОШ 0,91 [0,59–1,41] соответственно).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Во время пандемии COVID-19 у студенток медицинского вуза зарегистрирована значительная частота изменений менструальной функции и депрессивных расстройств. Наиболее значимыми предикторами менструальных отклонений у девушек-студенток во время пандемии оказались депрессия, нарушение менструальной функции в анамнезе и замужество. Для уточнения механизмов влияния пандемии на менструальную функцию необходимо проведение многоцентрового проспективного исследования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>menstruation</kwd><kwd>menstrual disorders</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>менструация</kwd><kwd>нарушения менструальной функции</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Davis HE, Assaf GS, McCorkell L, et al. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. EClinMedicine. 2021;38:101019. DOI:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101019</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Li K, Chen G, Hou H, et al. Analysis of sex hormones and menstruation in COVID-19 women of child-bearing age. Reprod Biomed Online. 2021;42(1):260-7. 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