GynecologyGynecologyГинекология2079-56962079-5831Consilium Medicum27900ArticlesСтатьиResearch ArticleInfektsiya, vyzvannaya Mycoplasma genitalium: klinika, diagnostika, lechenieИнфекция, вызванная Mycoplasma genitalium: клиника, диагностика, лечениеSavichevaA MСавичеваА МShipitsynaE VШипицынаЕ ВBen'kovichA SБеньковичА СSokolovskiyE VСоколовскийЕ ВГУ НИИ акушерства и гинекологии им. Д.О.Отта РАМНГУЗ Ленинградский областной кожно-венерологический диспансерСанкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. И.П.Павлова, Санкт-Петербург15022008101VOL 10, NO1 (2008)ТОМ 10, №1 (2008)232909042020Copyright ©; 2008, Consilium MedicumCopyright ©; 2008, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"2008Consilium MedicumООО "Консилиум Медикум"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/27900

В статье рассматриваются вопросы биологии и патогенеза Mycoplasma genitalium, а также проводится анализ исследований, доказывающих роль данного микроорганизма в этиологии воспалительных заболеваний урогенитального тракта. Обсуждаются аспекты диагностики и лечения инфекций, вызываемых M. genitalium.

Mycoplasma genitaliumуретритцервицитдиагностикалечениеПрилепская В., Кисина В., Соколовский Е., и др. К вопросу о роли микоплазм в урогенитальной патологии. Гинекология. 2007; 9: 31–8.Baseman J.B, Cagle M, Korte J.E et al. Diagnostic assessment of Mycoplasma genitalium in culture - positive women. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 203–11.Baseman J.B, Dallo S.F, Tully J.G, Rose D.L. Isolation and characterization of Mycoplasma genitalium strains from the human respiratory tract. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 2266–9.Bjornelius E, Lidbrink P, Jensen J.S. Conjuctivitis associated with Mycoplasma genitalium infection. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 2: 134–6.Сadieux N, Lebel P, Brousseau R. Use of a triplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection and differentiation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium in the presence of human DNA. J Gen Microbiol 1993; 139: 2431–7.Clausen H.F, Fedder J, Drasbek M et al. Serological investigation of Mycoplasma genitalium in infertile women. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 1866–74.Cohen C.R, Manhart L.E, Bukusi A.S. Association between Mycoplasma genitalium and acute endometritis. Lancet 2002; 359: 765–6.Cohen C.R, Mugo N.M, Astete S.G. Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in women with laparoscopically diagnosed acute salpingitis. Sex Transm Infect 2005; 81: 463–6.Cook R, Hutchison S, _stergaard L et al. Systematic review: noninvasive testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142: 914–25.Dallo S.F, Baseman J.B. Intracellular DNA replication and long - term survival of pathogenic mycoplasmas. Microbiol Pathol 2000; 29: 301–9.De Barbeyrac B, Bernet-Poggi C, F_brer F et al. Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium in clinical samples by polymerase chain reaction. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 17 (Suppl. 1): 83–9.Deguchi T, Gilroy C.B, Taylor-Robinson D. Comparison of two PCR - based assays for detecting Mycoplasma genitalium in clinical specimens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995; 14: 629–31.Dupin N, Bijaoui G, Schwarzinger M et al. Detection and quantification of Mycoplasma genitalium in male patients with urethritis. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37: 602–5.Dutro S.M, Hebb J.K, Garin C.A et al. Development and performance of a microwell - plate - based polymerase chain reaction assay for Mycoplasma genitalium. Sex Transm Dis 2003; 30: 756–63.Eastick K, Leeming J.P, Caul E.O et al. A novel polymerase chain reaction assay to detect Mycoplasma genitalium. Mol Pathol 2003; 56: 25–8.Falk L, Fredlund H, Jensen J.S. Tetracycline treatment does not eradicate Mycoplasma genitalium. Sex Transm Infect 2003; 79: 318–9.Falk L, Jensen J.S. Mycoplasma genitalium prevalence, symptoms, signs and treatment efficacy among attendees at a Swedish STD outpatient clinic. Int J STD AIDS 2001; 12: 107.Fernald G.W, Collier A.M, Clyde W.A.J. Respiratory infections due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in infants and children. Pediatrics 1975; 55: 327–35.Fraser C.M, Gocayne J.D, White O et al. The minimal gene complement of Mycoplasma genitalium. Science 1995; 270: 397–403.Gambini D, Decleva I, Lupica L et al. Mycoplasma genitalium in males with nongonococcal urethritis: prevalence and clinical efficacy of eradication. Sex Transm Dis 2000; 27: 226–9.Gaydos C.A, Quinn T.A. Urine nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in clinical practice. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2005; 18: 55–66.Hannan P.C. Comparative susceptibilities of various AIDS - associated and human urogenital tract mycoplasmas and strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to 10 classes of antimicrobial agents in vitro. J Med Microbiol 1998; 47: 1115–22.Himmelreich R, Hilbert H, Plagens H et al. Complete sequence analysis of the genome of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Nucleic Acids Res 1996; 24: 4420–49.Hsieh Y.H, Howell M.R, Gaydos J.C et al. Preference among female Army recruits for use of self - administrated vaginal swabs or urine to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections. Sex Transm Dis 2003; 30: 769–73.Horner P.J, Gilroy C.B, Thomas B.J et al. Association of Mycoplasma genitalium with acute non - gonococcal urethritis. Lancet 1993; 342: 582–5.International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology – Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes. Revised minimum standards for description of new species of the class Mollicutes (division Tenericutes). Int J Syst Bacteriol 1995; 45: 605–12.Jensen J.S. Mycoplasma genitalium infections. Diagnosis, clinical aspects, and pathogenesis. Kopenhagen, 2005.Jensen J.S. Mycoplasma genitalium – the aetiologic agent of urethritis and other sexually transmitted diseases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004; 18: 1–11.Jensen J.S, Bjornelius E, Dohn B et al. Use of TaqMan 5\' nuclease real - time PCR for quantitative detection of Mycoplasma genitalium DNA in males with and without urethritis who were attendees at a sexually transmitted disease clinic. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 683–92.Jensen J.S, Bjornelius E, Dohn B et al. Comparison of first void urine and urogenital swab specimens for detection of Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Sex Transm Dis 2004; 31: 499–507.Jensen J.S, Blom J, Lind K. Intracellular location of Mycoplasma genitalium in cultured Vero cells as demonstrated by electron microscopy. Int J Exp Pathol 1994; 75: 91–8.Jensen J.S, Borre B.M,Dohn B. Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 261–6.Jensen J.S, Dohn B, Bjornelius E, Lidbrink P. Failure to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae in urogenital tract specimens and Mycoplasma genitalium in respiratory tract specimens. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of the International Organization for Mycoplasmology. Sydney, Australia. 1998; P. 107.Jensen J.S, Hansen H.T, Lind K. Isolation of Mycoplasma genitalium strains from the male urethra. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 286–91.Jensen J.S, Uldum S.A, Sondergard-Andersen J et al. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 46–50.Jensen J.S, Orsum R, Dohn B, Uldum S et al. Mycoplasma genitalium: a cause of male urethritis? Genitourin Med 1993; 69: 265–9.Jensen J.S, Uldum S.A, Sondergard-Andersen S et al. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 46–50.Johannisson G, Enstrom Y, Lowhagen G. Occurrence and treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium in patients visiting STD clinics in Sweden. Int J STD AIDS 2000; 11: 324–6.Jurstrand M, Jensen J.S, Fredlund H et al. Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in urogenital specimens by real - time PCR and by conventional PCR assay. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54: 23–9.Keane F.E, Thomas B.J, Gilroy C.B et al. The association of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealiticum and Mycoplasma genitalium with bacterial vaginosis: observations on heterosexual women and their male partners. Int J STD AIDS 2000; 11: 356–60.Kokotovic B, Friis N.F, Jensen J.S, Ahrens P. Amplified - fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting of Mycoplasma species. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 37: 3300–7.Lind K, Kristensen C.K. Significance of antibodies to Mycoplasma genitalium in salpingitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1987; 6: 205–7.Lind K. Serological cross - reactions between Mycoplasma genitalium and M. pneumoniae [letter]. Lancet 1982; 1158–9.Lind K, Lindhardt B, Schutten B.H et al. Serological cross - reactions between Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 1984; 20: 1036–43.Lo S.C, Shih J.W, Yang N.Y et al. A novel virus - like infectious agents in patients with AIDS. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1989; 40: 213–26.Lo S.C, Shih J.W, Newton P.B et al. Virus - like infectious agent (VLIA) is a novel pathogenic mycoplasma: Mycoplasma incognitos. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1989; 41: 586–600.Lo S.C, Hayes M.M, Tully J.G et al. Mycoplasma penetrans sp.nov., from the urogenital tract of patients with AIDS. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1992; 42: 357–64.Lo S.C, Hayes M.M, Kotani H et al. Adhesion onto and invasion into mammalian cells by Mycoplasma penetrans: a newly isolated mycoplasma from patients with AIDS. Mod Pathol 1993; 6: 276–80.Lu G.C, Schwebke J.R, Duffy L.B et al. Midtrimester vaginal Mycoplasma genitalium in women with subsequent spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185: 163–5.Luki N, Lebel P, Boucher M et al. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction assay with culture for detection of genital mycoplasmas in perinatal infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 17: 255–63.Maeda S.I, Tamaki M, Kojima K et al. Assotiation of Mycoplasma genitalium persistence in the urethra with recurrence of nongonococcal urethritis. Sex Transm Dis 2001; 28: 472–6.Manhart L.E, Critchlow C.W, Holmes K.K. Mucopurulent cervicitis and Mycoplasma genitalium. J Inf Dis 2003; 187: 650–7.Mena L, Wang X, Mroczkowski T.F, Martin D.M. Mycoplasma genitalium infections in asymptomatic men and men with urethritis attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in New Orleans. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35: 1167–73.Mernaugh G.R, Dallo S.F, Holt S.C, Baseman J.B. Properties of adhering and nonadhering populations of Mycoplasma genitalium. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 17: 69–78.Oakeshott P, Hay P, Taylor-Robinson D et al. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in early pregnancy and the relationship between its presence and pregnancy outcome. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2004.Palmer H.M, Gilroy C.B, Furr P.M, Taylor-Robinson D. Development and evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction to detect Mycoplasma genitalium. FEMS Microbiol. Lett 1991; 61: 199–203.Rogers M.J, Simmons J, Walker R.T et al. Construction of the mycoplasma evolutionary tree from 55S rRNA sequence data. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985; 82: 1160–4.Rottem S. Interaction of mycoplasmas with host cells. Physiol Rev 2003; 2003: 417–32.Sasaki Y, Shintani M, Shimada T et al. Detection and discrimination of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium by the in vitro DNA amplification. Microbiol Immunol 1992; 36: 21–7.Shames J.M, George R.B, Holliday W.B et al. Comparison of antibiotics in the treatment of mycoplasmal pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 1970; 125: 680–4.Simms I, Eastick K, Mallinson H. Associations between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Sex Transm Infect 2003; 79: 154–6.Svenstrup H.F, Jensen J.S, Bjornelius E et al. Development of a quantitative real - time PCR assay for detection of Mycoplasma genitalium. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 3121–8.Taylor-Robinson D. The role of mycoplasmas in non - gonococcal urethritis: a review. Yale J Biol Med 1983; 56: 537–43.Taylor-Robinson D, Furr P.M. Hanna N.F. Microbiological and serological study of non - gonococcal urethritis with special reference to Mycoplasma genitalium. Genitourin Med 1985; 61: 319–24.Taylor-Robinson D, Gilroy C.B, Horowitz S, Horowitz J. Mycoplasma genitalium in the joints of two patients with arthritis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994; 13: 1066–9.Taylor-Robinson D, Thomas B.J, Dixey J et al. Evidence that Chlamydia trachomatis causes seronegative arthritis in women. Ann Rheum Dis 1988; 47: 295–9.Taylor-Robinson D, Horner P.J. The role of Mycoplasma genitalium in non - gonococcal urethritis. Sex Transm Infect 2001; 77: 229–31.Tully J.G, Rose D.L, Baseman J.B et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium mixture in synovial fluid isolate. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 1851–5.Tully J.G, Taylor-Robinson D, Cole R.M, Rose D.L. A newly discovered mycoplasma in the human urogenital tract. Lancet 1981; 1288–91.Uno M, Deguchi T, Komeda H. Mycoplasma genitalium in the cervices of Japanese women. Sex Transm Dis 1997; 24: 284–6.Wang R.Y, Grandinetti T, Shih J.W et al. Mycoplasma genitalium infection and host antibody immune response in patients infected by HIV, patients attending STD clinics and in healthy blood donors. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1997; 19: 237–45.Webster D, Windsor H, Ling C et al. Chronic bronchitis in immunocompromised patients: association with a novel Mycoplasma species. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 22: 530–4.Westrom L. Effect of acute pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility. Am J Obst Gyn 1975; 121: 707–13.Woese C.R, Maniloff J, Zablen L.B. Phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasmas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980; 77: 494–8.Wroblewski J.K, Manhart L.E, Dickey K.A et al. Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in vaginal, cervical and urine specimens by TMA and PCR. 16th Biennial Meeting of the International Society for Sexually Transmittted Diseases Research, Amsterdam, 2005.Yoshida T, Deguchi T, Ito M, Maeda S et al. Quantitative detection of Mycoplasma genitalium from first - pass urine of men with urethritis and asymptomatic men by real - time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 1451–5.