GynecologyGynecology2079-56962079-5831Consilium Medicum28528Research ArticleIodine deficiency during pregnancy. The effects and complicationsPetuninaN Anapetunina@mail.ruGoncharovaE Vgoncharova_ev@list.ruI.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation15062016183202209042020Copyright © 2016, Consilium Medicum2016Iodine deficiency disorders are one of the most common problems in thyroidology and endocrinology. Due to the vulnerability to reduced consumption of iodine, a special interest in the study of the effects of iodine deficiency and its prevention are pregnant and lactating women, patients of reproductive age and children is shown.iodine deficiencypregnancyiodine deficiency disorderspotassium iodideйодный дефицитбеременностьйододефицитные заболеваниякалия йодид[Петунина Н.А. и др. Избранные лекции по тиреоидологии. М.: Первый МГМУ им. И.М.Сеченова Минздрава России. 2012. Вып. 1. [Электронный ресурс].][WHO, UNICEF, ICCIDD. Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43781/1/9789241595827_eng.pdf][Prevention and control of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women and in children less than 2-years - old: conclusions and recommendations of the Technical Consultation. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007. Public Health Nutrition: 10(12A), 1606-1611. doi: 10.1017/S1368980007361004 http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/PHN10(12a).pdf][Bath S.C, Steer C.D, Golding J et al. Effect of inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women on cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Lancet 2013; 382 (9889): 331-7.][Балаболкин М.И., Клебанова Е.М., Креминская В.М. Фундаментальная и клиническая тиреоидология. Учеб. пособие. М.: Медицина, 2007.][Lee S.L, Pearce E.N, Ananthakrishnan S. Iodine Deficiency. Diseases/Conditions, Dec 16, 2015. Medscape.][WHO/UNICEF. Reaching optimal iodine nutrition in pregnant and lactating women and young children. Joint Statement of the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2007.][Glinoer D, De Nayer P, Delange F et al. A randomized trial for the treat ment of mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy: maternal and neonatal effects. J Clin Endocrin Metabol 1995; 80: 258-69. doi:10.1210/jc.80.1.258][Pedersen K.M, Laurberg P, Iversen E et al. Amelioration of some pregnancy - associated variations in thyroid function by iodine supplementation. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1993; 77: 1078-83. doi:10.1210/jc.77.4.1078.][Nohr S.B, Jorgensen A, Pedersen K.M, Laurberg P. Postpartum thyroid dysfunction in pregnant thyroid peroxidase antibody - positive women living in an area with mild to moderate iodine deficiency: is iodine supplementation safe? J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 2000; 85: 3191-8. doi:10.1210/jc.85.9.3191.][Santiago P, Velasco I, Muela J.A et al. Infant neurocognitive development is independent of the use of iodised salt or iodine supplements given during pregnancy. Br J Nut 2013. In press doi:10.1017/S0007114512005880.][Romano R, Jannini E.A, Pepe M et al. The effects of iodoprophylaxis on thyroid size during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164: 482-5. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(11)80004-9.][Taylor P.N, Okosieme O.E, Dayan C.M, Lazarus J.H. Therapy of endocrine disease: Impact of iodine supplementation in mild - to - moderate iodine deficiency: systematic review and meta - analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 17: 0R1-R15. doi: 10.1530/EJE-13-0651][Zimmermann M.B. Iodine deficiency. Endocr Rev 2009; 30: 376-408. doi:10.1210/er.2009-0011.][Zimmermann M.B. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy and the effects of maternal iodine supplementation on the offspring: a review. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89 (2): 668S-72S. http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/89/2/668S.long][Hetzel B.S. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and their eradication. Lancet 1983; 2: 1126-9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(83)90636-0.][Leichrodt N, Born M.P. A meta - analysis of research on iodine and its relationship to cognitive development. In The Damaged Brain of Iodine Deficiency. Eds Stanbury JB. New York, NY: Cognizant Communication, 1994; р. 195-200. http://www.ceecis.org/iodine/04a_consequences/02_int/chapt_on_i_brain.pdf][Angermayr L, Clar C. Iodine supplementation for preventing iodine deficiency disorders in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2004. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003819.pub2][Wu T, Liu G.J, Li P, Clar C. Iodised salt for preventing iodine deficiency disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002. doi:10.1002 / 14651858.CD003204][Zimmermann M.B. The adverse effects of mild - to - moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy and childhood: a review. Thyroid 2007; 17: 829-35. doi:10.1089/thy.2007.0108.]