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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2079-5696</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2079-5831</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">34972</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20795696.2020.3.200174</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Chronic endometritis in women with endometriosis-associated infertility</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хронический эндометрит у женщин с эндометриоз-ассоциированным бесплодием</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5342-8129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orazov</surname><given-names>Mekan R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оразов</surname><given-names>Мекан Рахимбердыевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., проф. каф. акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии</p></bio><email>omekan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-0466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radzinsky</surname><given-names>Victor E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радзинский</surname><given-names>Виктор Евсеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Corr. Memb. RAS, D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>чл.-кор. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии, засл. деят. науки РФ</p></bio><email>radzinsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2198-7927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>Snezhana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Снежана Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии</p></bio><email>dr.slupus@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-4534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamoshina</surname><given-names>Marina B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамошина</surname><given-names>Марина Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., проф. каф. акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии</p></bio><email>khamoshina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2052-914X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaleva</surname><given-names>Ludmila M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалева</surname><given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>чл.-кор. РАЕ, д-р мед. наук, проф., дир.</p></bio><email>mikhalevam@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-5322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abitova</surname><given-names>Marianna Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абитова</surname><given-names>Марианна Заурбиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии</p></bio><email>abitovamarianna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4397-0042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shustova</surname><given-names>Victoria B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шустова</surname><given-names>Виктория Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>obstetrician-gynecologist, reproductologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач акушер-гинеколог, репродуктолог</p></bio><email>shustova.vik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">People’s Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Human Morphology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт морфологии человека»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">MedInService – Center for Reproduction and Genetics “Nova Clinic” (“MedInService”)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «МедИнСервис» – Центр репродукции и генетики «Nova Clinic»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-07-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-07-07"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/34972">https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/34972</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article highlights modern ideas about the role of the endometrium in the genesis of reproductive failures. A crucial place of chronic endometritis in the structure of the endometrial infertility factor in endometriosis is noted. Given the frequent association of chronic endometritis and endometriosis, common features of these diseases have been identified. The characteristic of endometrial microbiota in infertility, chronic endometritis and endometriosis is given. An extremely important area of scientific research is precisely the interaction between the microbiota of the endometrium and its immunity, and not just the confirmation of the presence of microorganisms in the endometrium. The modern aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic endometritis and endometriosis are described. The main pathogenetic determinants of chronic endometritis are the failure of adaptation mechanisms to the constant effects of microbes and, as a consequence, the decrease and inferiority of the immune response and the development of autoimmune reactions. The modern paradigm for the development and progression of endometriosis involves the presence of bacterial contamination of the endometrium and the abdominal cavity, which in turn becomes a trigger for genetically-epigenetic modifications of cells, launching different cascades that underlie reproductive function disorders. The pathogenetically significant relationship between chronic endometritis and endometriosis is highlighted. It was revealed that chronic endometritis can be both a cause and a consequence of endometriosis. Disorders of the endometrial receptivity in chronic endometritis associated with endometriosis, their importance in the implementation of endometrial infertility are described. The important role of the microbiome in the formation of reproductive disorders is noted.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье освещены современные представления о роли эндометрия в генезе репродуктивных неудач. Отмечено принципиально важное место хронического эндометрита в структуре эндометриального фактора бесплодия при эндометриозе. Учитывая частую ассоциацию хронического эндометрита и эндометриоза, выявлены общие черты этих заболеваний. Дана характеристика микробиоты эндометрия при бесплодии, хроническом эндометрите и эндометриозе. Крайне важным направлением научного поиска является именно взаимодействие между микробиотой эндометрия и его иммунитетом, а не просто подтверждение присутствия микроорганизмов в эндометрии. Описаны современные аспекты этиологии и патогенеза хронического эндометрита и эндометриоза. Основными патогенетическими детерминантами хронического эндометрита являются срыв механизмов адаптации к постоянному воздействию микробов и, как следствие этого, снижение и неполноценность иммунного ответа и развитие аутоиммунных реакций. Современная парадигма развития и прогрессирования эндометриоза предусматривает наличие бактериальной контаминации эндометрия и брюшной полости, что, в свою очередь, становится триггером генетически-эпигенетических модификаций клеток, запуская разные каскады, лежащие в основе нарушений репродуктивной функции. Освещена патогенетически значимая взаимосвязь хронического эндометрита и эндометриоза. Выявлено, что хронический эндометрит может быть как причиной, так и следствием эндометриоза. Описаны нарушения рецептивности эндометрия при хроническом эндометрите, ассоциированном с эндометриозом, их значение в реализации эндометриального бесплодия. Отмечена важная роль микробиома в формировании репродуктивных нарушений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic endometritis</kwd><kwd>endometriosis</kwd><kwd>endometrial microbiota</kwd><kwd>endometrial receptivity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический эндометрит</kwd><kwd>эндометриоз</kwd><kwd>микробиота эндометрия</kwd><kwd>рецептивность эндометрия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kitaya K, Matsubayashi H, Yamaguchi K et al. Chronic endometritis: potential cause of infertility and obstetric and neonatal complications. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 75: 13–22.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Kimura F, Takebayashi A, Ishida M et al. Review: Chronic endometritis and its effect on reproduction. 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