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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2079-5696</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2079-5831</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">688734</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20795696.2025.3.203395</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Obstetric trauma in the etiology of genital prolapse: Clinical and pathogenetic analysis. Case control study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акушерская травма в генезе генитального пролапса: клинико-патогенетический анализ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5342-8129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orazov</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оразов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф. каф. акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии</p></bio><email>omekan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-0466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radzinskiy</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радзинский</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Acad. RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>акад. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии</p></bio><email>omekan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8270-085X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minnullina</surname><given-names>F. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миннуллина</surname><given-names>Ф. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Sadykov City Clinical Hospital No. 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. каф. акушерства и гинекологии Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии ФГАОУ ВО КФУ, зав. отд-нием гинекологии №2 ГАУЗ «ГКБ №7 им. М.Н. Садыкова»</p></bio><email>omekan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sadykov City Clinical Hospital No. 7</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №7 им. М.Н. Садыкова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>223</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-06"><day>06</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/688734">https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/688734</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a significant medical and social problem with a high prevalence and an upward trend in the incidence. It significantly impacts the quality of life and tends to relapse after surgical treatment of the supporting structures of the pelvic floor. Despite the proven association of POPs with obstetric traumas, their role remains poorly understood.</p> <p>Aim. To assess the frequency of obstetric traumas in patients with POP and determine the directions for their prevention.</p> <p>Materials and methods. A prospective case-controlled study was conducted involving 210 women (150 patients with POP and 60 control patients) who underwent surgical treatment in 2023–2024. Obstetric history was reviewed, including perineal trauma, episio-/perineotomy, large foetus, type of delivery.</p> <p>Results. The absolute number of births did not affect the risk of POP (p&gt;0.05); however, the complicated course of labor was a key predictor; in patients with obstetric traumas, the risk was 4.2 times higher (relative risk – RR 4.20, 95% confidence interval – CI 1.68–8.78), with episio-/perineotomy – 8.8 times higher (RR 8.80, 95% CI 1.9–18.6), with fetal macrosomy – 5.4 times higher (RR 5.40, 95% CI 3.35–13.43). Cesarean section did not show a protective effect on POP prevention (p&gt;0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion. Obstetric traumas are a significant but partially modifiable risk factor for POP. Prevention of macrosomia, avoidance of routine episiotomy, and minimization of obstetric traumas are key areas for reducing the POP incidence.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. Пролапс тазовых органов (ПТО) – значимая медико-социальная проблема с широкой распространенностью и неуклонным ростом заболеваемости, существенным негативным влиянием на качество жизни и склонностью к рецидивированию после хирургической коррекции поддерживающих структур тазового дна. Несмотря на доказанную связь ПТО с акушерскими травмами, их вклад остается малоизученным.</p> <p>Цель. Оценить частоту акушерских травм у пациенток с ПТО и определить возможности их профилактики.</p> <p>Материалы и методы. Проведено проспективное исследование «случай-контроль» с участием 210 женщин (150 пациенток с ПТО, 60 – контроль), прошедших хирургическое лечение в 2023–2024 гг. Проанализирован акушерский анамнез: травмы промежности, эпизио-/перинеотомия, роды крупным плодом, тип родоразрешения.</p> <p>Результаты. Абсолютное число родов не влияло на риск развития ПТО (p&gt;0,05), но осложненное течение родов было ключевым предиктором; у пациенток с акушерскими травмами риск ПТО повышен в 4,2 раза (относительный риск – ОР 4,20, 95% доверительный интервал – ДИ 1,68–8,78), с эпизио-/перинеотомией – в 8,8 раза (ОР 8,80, 95% ДИ 1,9–18,6), с макросомией плода – в 5,4 раза (ОР 5,40, 95% ДИ 3,35–13,43). Кесарево сечение не показало протективного эффекта в отношении профилактики ПТО (p&gt;0,05).</p> <p>Заключение. Акушерские травмы – значимый, но частично модифицируемый фактор риска ПТО. Профилактика макросомии, отказ от рутинной эпизиотомии и минимизация акушерского травматизма – ключевые направления снижения заболеваемости ПТО.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pelvic organ prolapse</kwd><kwd>pelvic floor muscle dysfunction</kwd><kwd>obstetric trauma</kwd><kwd>fetal macrosomy</kwd><kwd>episiotomy</kwd><kwd>perineotomy</kwd><kwd>cesarean section</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пролапс тазовых органов</kwd><kwd>дисфункция мышц тазового дна</kwd><kwd>акушерский травматизм</kwd><kwd>макросомия плода</kwd><kwd>эпизиотомия</kwd><kwd>перинеотомия</kwd><kwd>кесарево сечение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Выпадение женских половых органов. Клинические рекомендации. М., 2024 [Vypadenie zhenskikh polovykh organov. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. 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