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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2079-5696</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2079-5831</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">695625</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20795696.2025.4.203511</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Atypical hyperplasia and early endometrial cancer: controversial aspects of terminology, classification, diagnosis and treatment. A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Атипическая гиперплазия эндометрия и ранние стадии рака эндометрия: спорные аспекты терминологии, классифицирования, диагностики и лечения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8991-1369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Podzolkova</surname><given-names>Natalia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подзолкова</surname><given-names>Наталья Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., вед. науч. сотр.; зав. каф. акушерства и гинекологии</p></bio><email>Yulia.sheveleva.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5142-1302</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9877-4166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>Алексей Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр., зам. глав. врача по хирургии; доц. каф. хирургии</p></bio><email>Yulia.sheveleva.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5366-1281</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2736-0683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр., зам. глав. врача по хирургии; доц. каф. хирургии</p></bio><email>Yulia.sheveleva.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1061-4271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>Roman E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Роман Эдуардович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доц., зав. гинекологическим отд-нием №22; проф. каф. акушерства и гинекологии</p></bio><email>Yulia.sheveleva.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1753-0537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>Yulia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>Юлия Вадимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, акушер-гинеколог; ассистент каф. акушерства и гинекологии</p></bio><email>Yulia.sheveleva.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-3917</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6262-0720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alimov</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алимов</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, зав. онкогинекологическим отд-нием №70; ассистент каф. акушерства и гинекологии</p></bio><email>Yulia.sheveleva.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1292-2807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilov</surname><given-names>Andrey M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилов</surname><given-names>Андрей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>онколог</p></bio><email>Yulia.sheveleva.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0584-8657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chizhikov</surname><given-names>Nikita P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чижиков</surname><given-names>Никита Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department Head</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. патологоанатомическим отд-нием</p></bio><email>Yulia.sheveleva.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-9609</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2404-1579</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakurdaev</surname><given-names>Evgenij I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закурдаев</surname><given-names>Евгений Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, отв. за биопсийный раздел работы патологоанатомического отд-ния</p></bio><email>Yulia.sheveleva.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-5684</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5452-8168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sozaeva</surname><given-names>Larisa G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Созаева</surname><given-names>Лариса Габицовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., доц. каф. акушерства и гинекологии</p></bio><email>sozaewa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9324-2866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazkova</surname><given-names>Olga L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазкова</surname><given-names>Ольга Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., доц. каф. акушерства и гинекологии</p></bio><email>Yulia.sheveleva.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3415-8183</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7732-7663</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>Asel E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>Асель Ерсаиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ассистент каф. клинической лабораторной диагностики с курсом лабораторной иммунологии</p></bio><email>aselique@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7838-6279</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7390-0085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabalova</surname><given-names>Irina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалова</surname><given-names>Ирина Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., проф. каф. клинической лабораторной диагностики с курсом лабораторной иммунологии</p></bio><email>Yulia.sheveleva.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-5251</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasoyan</surname><given-names>Karine T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касоян</surname><given-names>Карине Тимуровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., доц. каф. клинической лабораторной диагностики с курсом лабораторной иммунологии</p></bio><email>Yulia.sheveleva.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Botkin City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С.П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>272</fpage><lpage>280</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/695625">https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/695625</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The incidence of endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) and cancer (EC) shows a steady increase every year, which is associated with an increase in the prevalence of their risk factors, primarily the “nonsteroidal triad”: obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. In the context of the demographic crisis and the postponement of reproductive plans for the sake of self-realization, the issue of fertility preservation with a favorable prognosis in young patients with EAH and early stages of EC of the low-risk group becomes especially relevant. Significant advancements in classification approaches, with the isolation of EC molecular subtypes that determine prognosis, and in diagnostics, with the development of a new method of liquid-based cytology combined with ultrasound examination, help clearly stratify patients at the outpatient stage into a cohort suitable for organ-preserving therapy. A review of the results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses proves that to date, oral progestins or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, the installation of a levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine system alone or in various combinations are justified alternatives to radical surgical treatment in patients with precancer and EC with minimal invasion of the myometrium according to expert-level ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, provided that complete drug pathomorphosis of foci is achieved with the prompt implementation of reproductive plans with the thorough monitoring by an obstetrician-gynecologist and a reproductive specialist.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Ежегодно отмечается неуклонный рост показателей заболеваемости атипической гиперплазией (АГЭ) и раком эндометрия (РЭ), что ассоциировано с увеличением распространенности их факторов риска, в первую очередь «нестероидной триады»: ожирения, сахарного диабета, метаболического синдрома. В условиях демографического кризиса и откладывания репродуктивных планов в угоду самореализации вопрос сохранения фертильности при благоприятном прогнозе у пациенток молодого возраста с АГЭ и ранними стадиями РЭ группы низкого риска становится особенно актуальным. Значительное усовершенствование подходов к классифицированию с выделением молекулярных подтипов РЭ, определяющих прогноз, и диагностике с разработкой новой методики жидкостного цитологического исследования в сочетании с ультразвуковым исследованием позволяет четко стратифицировать пациенток на амбулаторном этапе с выделением когорты, подходящей для проведения органосохраняющей терапии. Обзор результатов систематических обзоров и метаанализов доказывает, что на сегодняшний день пероральный прием прогестинов или агонистов гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормона, установка левоноргестрелсодержащей внутриматочной системы изолированно или в различных комбинациях – оправданная альтернатива радикальному хирургическому лечению у пациенток с предраком и РЭ с минимальной инвазией в миометрий по данным ультразвукового исследования экспертного уровня или магнитно-резонансной томографии при условии достижения полного лекарственного патоморфоза очагов со скорейшей реализацией репродуктивных планов под чутким контролем акушера-гинеколога и репродуктолога.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atypical endometrial hyperplasia</kwd><kwd>endometrial cancer</kwd><kwd>fertility</kwd><kwd>hormone therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атипическая гиперплазия эндометрия</kwd><kwd>рак эндометрия</kwd><kwd>фертильность</kwd><kwd>гормонотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cancer Research UK. 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