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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2079-5696</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2079-5831</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">703422</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20795696.2026.3.203815</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Apical prolapse in routine clinical practice: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Апикальный пролапс в рутинных реалиях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5342-8129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orazov</surname><given-names>Mekan R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оразов</surname><given-names>Мекан Рахимбердыевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., проф. каф. акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии Медицинского института </p></bio><email>omekan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2052-914X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaleva</surname><given-names>Liudmila M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалева</surname><given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corr. Memb. RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>чл.-кор. РАН, д-р мед. наук, проф., дир. Научно-исследовательского института морфологии человека им. акад. А.П. Авцына </p></bio><email>omekan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7554-836X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondakov</surname><given-names>Ilya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондаков</surname><given-names>Илья Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант каф. акушерства и гинекологии с курсом перинатологии Медицинского института </p></bio><email>omekan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии им. акад. Б.В. Петровского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>208</fpage><lpage>212</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-09-18"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/703422">https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/703422</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Apical prolapse of the pelvic organs represents a significant concern in modern gynecology, primarily due to its high prevalence, considerable adverse effects on the quality of life of affected women, and a consistent rise in incidence corresponding with the global population aging. This review aims to analyze the prevalence of apical prolapse and its impact on patients' quality of life, based on a comprehensive review of scientific literature. Relevant publications were sourced and evaluated from databases such as PubMed, UpToDate, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published in the last five years; foundational research papers on pathogenesis and epidemiology from prior periods were also included. Findings indicate that the prevalence of apical prolapse within the broader category of pelvic organ prolapse is approximately 49.8%; furthermore, 85% of cases are associated with cystocele or rectocele, while isolated cases occur in only 4.4%. Identified risk factors include genetic predisposition, impaired collagen metabolism, vaginal delivery with obstetric trauma, hysterectomy, age-related changes, menopausal estrogen deficiency, and metabolic syndrome. Apical prolapse markedly diminishes the quality of life, leading to physical and psycho-emotional discomfort, sexual dysfunction, and social maladjustment, yet patients still rarely seek help. Non-surgical treatment options include pessaries, pelvic floor muscle exercises, and behavioral interventions; however, in cases of severe prolapse, surgical intervention is essential. Reconstructive surgical techniques, both abdominal and vaginal, are advocated for sexually active women, whereas obliterative surgery is recommended for elderly patients. The selection of treatment approach requires individualization, taking into account the patient's age, comorbidities, reproductive intentions, and sexual activity. The true prevalence of apical prolapse remains undetermined; data on risk factors and underlying pathogenesis have yet to be systematically organized, and the choice of a universal surgical approach that yields consistent results without relapses remains an unsolved problem.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Апикальный пролапс тазовых органов является актуальной проблемой современной гинекологии в связи с высокой распространенностью, существенным негативным влиянием на качество жизни женщин и неуклонным ростом заболеваемости на фоне глобального постарения населения. Цель обзора – изучение распространенности апикального пролапса и его влияния на качество жизни пациенток на основе анализа доступной научной литературы. Поиск и анализ публикаций проводился в базах данных PubMed, UpToDate, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science и Google Scholar с акцентом на работы последних 5 лет, а также включены основополагающие исследования по патогенезу и эпидемиологии, выполненные в более ранний период. Установлено, что распространенность апикального пролапса в структуре пролапса тазовых органов достигает 49,8%, в 85% случаев он сочетается с цистоцеле или ректоцеле, изолированные формы встречаются в 4,4% наблюдений. Среди факторов риска рассматриваются генетическая предрасположенность, нарушение метаболизма коллагена, вагинальные роды с акушерским травматизмом, гистерэктомия, возрастные изменения, эстрогенодефицит в менопаузе и метаболический синдром. Апикальный пролапс достоверно снижает качество жизни, вызывая физический и психоэмоциональный дискомфорт, сексуальные дисфункции и социальную дезадаптацию, однако обращаемость пациенток остается низкой. Консервативная терапия включает использование пессариев, упражнения для мышц тазового дна и поведенческие вмешательства, однако при выраженном пролапсе основа лечения − хирургические методы. Реконструктивные хирургические методики (как абдоминальные, так и влагалищные) рекомендуются сексуально активным женщинам, тогда как у пожилых пациенток предпочтение отдается облитерирующим операциям. Выбор тактики требует индивидуализации с учетом возраста, соматического статуса, репродуктивных планов и сексуальной активности пациентки. Истинная распространенность апикального пролапса остается неизвестной, данные о факторах риска и патогенезе не систематизированы, а выбор универсальной хирургической стратегии, гарантирующей стабильный результат и отсутствие рецидивов, остается нерешенной задачей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>apical pelvic organ prolapse</kwd><kwd>vaginal vault prolapse</kwd><kwd>pelvic organ prolapse</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>апикальный пролапс тазовых органов</kwd><kwd>пролапс свода влагалища</kwd><kwd>пролапс тазовых органов</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Milsom I, Gyhagen M. Breaking news in the prediction of pelvic floor disorders. Best practice &amp; research. 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