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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2079-5696</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2079-5831</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">713462</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20795696.2026.3.203795</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnostic potential of liquid biopsy in patients with HPV-associated diseases of the anogenital region. A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Диагностический потенциал жидкостной биопсии у пациенток с ВПЧ-ассоциированными заболеваниями аногенитальной области</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0574-1230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mgeryan</surname><given-names>Anna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мгерян</surname><given-names>Анна Нерсесовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр.</p></bio><email>a_mgeryan@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-9653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>Angelika V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>Анжелика Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, зав. лаб. прикладной транскриптомики </p></bio><email>a_mgeryan@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8243-5272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abakarova</surname><given-names>Patimat R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абакарова</surname><given-names>Патимат Рапиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. </p></bio><email>a_mgeryan@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3993-7629</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prilepskaya</surname><given-names>Vera N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прилепская</surname><given-names>Вера Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Academician of the RANS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. поликлиническим отд-нием, академик РАЕН, засл. деят. науки РФ</p></bio><email>a_mgeryan@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>173</fpage><lpage>177</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-09-18"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/713462">https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/713462</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection worldwide. According to data from the World Health Organization, over 290 million women globally are infected, with prevalence rates among sexually active individuals ranging from 50% to 80%. The high prevalence of oncogenic HPV significantly contributes to the development of cervical, vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancers. This underscores the clinical relevance of the infection and emphasizes the need to identify the earliest and most informative diagnostic methods. The minimally invasive liquid biopsy technique, which detects viral and tumor nucleic acids in biological fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva, offers new avenues for diagnosing and predicting precancerous and malignant diseases of the anogenital region. In contrast to traditional biopsy methods that require surgical intervention to obtain tissue samples, liquid biopsy is a safe, painless alternative that allows repeated testing at necessary intervals. To date, several biomarkers with promising diagnostic potential have been identified in gynecological oncology. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs) – short non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcription gene expression – have emerged as particularly noteworthy. In the context of HPV-associated carcinogenesis, the viral infection induces alterations in miRNA expression within infected epithelial cells, which subsequently leads to distinctive changes in their profiles in blood, urine, and saliva. These characteristics position miRNAs as potential candidates for the development of non-invasive diagnostic panels, warranting further investigation in this field.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вирус папилломы человека (ВПЧ) − возбудитель наиболее распространенной инфекции, передаваемой половым путем. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, число инфицированных женщин в мире превышает 290 млн, а среди сексуально активного населения распространенность достигает 50–80%. Высокая распространенность онкогенных ВПЧ в популяции обусловливает их ведущую роль в развитии рака шейки матки, вульвы, влагалища и ануса. Это определяет клиническую значимость данной инфекции и необходимость поиска наиболее раннего и информативного метода диагностики. Несмотря на широкое внедрение цитологического скрининга и ВПЧ-тестирования, существующие подходы обладают ограниченной чувствительностью для выявления предраковых изменений и не позволяют прогнозировать индивидуальный риск прогрессирования заболевания. Малоинвазивный метод жидкостной биопсии, основанный на детекции вирусных и опухолевых нуклеиновых кислот в биологических жидкостях (в крови, моче, слюне), открывает новые возможности для диагностики и прогнозирования предраковых и злокачественных заболеваний аногенитальной области. В отличие от традиционной биопсии, требующей хирургического вмешательства для получения образца ткани опухоли, жидкостная биопсия является безопасной и безболезненной альтернативой, которую можно повторять с необходимой частотой. В качестве аналитов жидкостной биопсии рассматриваются циркулирующая ДНК ВПЧ (cHPV DNA), циркулирующая опухолевая ДНК (ctDNA), внеклеточные везикулы, а также микроРНК. Показано, что cHPV DNA и ctDNA обладают высокой прогностической ценностью, однако их диагностическая чувствительность при раке шейки матки остается низкой, что ограничивает применение этих маркеров для скрининга. К настоящему времени определен ряд биомаркеров, имеющих диагностический потенциал в онкогинекологии. Наиболее активно изучаемый класс биомаркеров в контексте жидкостной биопсии – микроРНК (миРНК), короткие некодирующие РНК, вовлеченные в посттранскрипционную регуляцию экспрессии генов. В условиях ВПЧ-ассоциированного канцерогенеза вирусная инфекция вызывает значительные нарушения в экспрессии миРНК инфицированных эпителиальных клеток, что приводит к характерным изменениям их профиля в крови, моче и слюне. Эти особенности делают миРНК потенциальными кандидатами для разработки неинвазивных диагностических панелей, что предполагает дальнейшие исследования в данной области.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liquid biopsy</kwd><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>cervical cancer</kwd><kwd>vulvar cancer</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>DNA-HPV</kwd><kwd>protein biomarkers</kwd><kwd>extracellular vesicles</kwd><kwd>human papillomavirus</kwd><kwd>HPV</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>жидкостная биопсия</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>рак шейки матки</kwd><kwd>рак вульвы</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>ДНК-ВПЧ</kwd><kwd>белковые биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>внеклеточные везикулы</kwd><kwd>вирус папилломы человека</kwd><kwd>ВПЧ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Government. State Assignment No. 3-A25. Subject of the study: "Development of Test Systems for Early and Minimally Invasive Diagnosis of Precancerous and Oncological Diseases of the Anogenital Region Associated with Papillomavirus Infections in Women of Varying Ages by Liquid Biopsy."</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование было поддержано правительством. Госзадание №3-А25. Тема исследования: «Разработка тест-систем для ранней и малоинвазивной диагностики предраковых и онкологических заболеваний аногенитальной области, ассоциированных с папилломавирусной инфекцией, у женщин различного возраста методом жидкостной биопсии».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bhatla N, Singhal S. Primary HPV screening for cervical cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2020;65:98-108. 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