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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гинекология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2079-5696</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2079-5831</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">716728</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26442/20795696.2026.3.203820</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">New oral combined antagonist of the gonadotrope-releasing hormone in mixed gynecological pathology treatment: priority cohorts of patients. A review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Новый пероральный комбинированный препарат, содержащий антагонист гонадотропного рилизинг-гормона, в лечении миомы матки, эндометриоза и их ассоциаций: приоритетные когорты пациенток</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1462-4987</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2027-0129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhomirov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихомиров</surname><given-names>Александр Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., проф. каф. акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктивной медицины </p></bio><email>tikhomiroval@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1599-0399</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6037-1648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazenashev</surname><given-names>Victor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казенашев</surname><given-names>Виктор Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>tikhomiroval@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6707-4164</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7922-5435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maminova</surname><given-names>Mariia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маминова</surname><given-names>Мария Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор</p></bio><email>tikhomiroval@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian University of Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>207</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-24"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-09-24"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Consilium Medicum</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Consilium Medicum</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Консилиум Медикум"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/716728">https://gynecology.orscience.ru/2079-5831/article/view/716728</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The presented article describes the key aspects of uterine fibroids (UF) and endometriosis, the most common benign hyperplastic processes in the female reproductive system, pathogenesis from the perspective of current research trends in this medical theme. The review of literature published over the past 10 years aims to update and systematize information on risk factors and molecular mechanisms of these diseases. The article covers the influence of genetics, epigenetics, hormonal stimulation, lifestyle, parity, microbiome, immune system, and ferroptosis on their development. Hormonal stimulation is one of the key links in the pathogenesis of UF and endometriosis. This is why the ability to medically suppress hormonal effects on tissues has long been the main conservative treatment for these benign gynecological hyperplasias worldwide. Hormonal modulation is the mechanism of action of a new combination drug containing the gonadotrope-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist relugolix 40 mg, as well as estradiol 1 mg and norethisterone acetate 0.5 mg. Long-term and high-quality suppression of sex steroid secretion due to the blocking of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis without pronounced side effects caused by hypoestrogenia allows us to consider it as a promising drug in the treatment of UF, endometriosis, as well as their combination. The new combined oral GnRH antagonist is capable of relieving two main symptoms that affect the life quality of patients suffering from these conditions: abnormal uterine bleeding associated with leiomyoma and chronic pelvic pain – a common companion of endometriosis. To date, published studies have demonstrated the high clinical efficacy and favorable safety profile of using a prolonged regimen of the drug for up to 104 weeks (2 years). The effects of the drug on the size of uterine fibroids and endometrioid heterotopias during long-term use are still under investigation. The practice-oriented part of the material describes the patient cohorts that are most promising in terms of the use of a new oral GnRH antagonist. This information may be useful to obstetricians and gynecologists when choosing the most optimal treatment strategy for each individual patient.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В представленной статье описываются ключевые аспекты патогенеза миомы матки (ММ) и эндометриоза – наиболее часто встречающихся доброкачественных гиперпластических процессов в женской репродуктивной сфере на сегодняшний день – с позиции актуальных направлений исследований в этой медицинской области. Обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы, опубликованной за последние 10 лет, ставит целью обновление и систематизацию информации по вопросам факторов риска, молекулярных механизмов развития таких заболеваний и совершенствования их лечения. В статье освещены вопросы влияния генетики, эпигенетики, гормональной стимуляции, образа жизни, паритета, микробиома, иммунной системы и ферроптоза на развитие указанных заболеваний. Гормональная стимуляция – одно из ключевых звеньев патогенеза ММ и эндометриоза. Именно поэтому возможность медикаментозного подавления гормонального влияния на ткани уже длительное время считается основой консервативной терапии указанных доброкачественных гинекологических гиперплазий по всему миру. Гормональная модуляция − механизм действия нового комбинированного препарата, содержащего антагонист гонадотропного рилизинг-гормона (ГнРГ) релуголикс 40 мг, а также эстрадиол 1 мг и норэтистерона ацетат 0,5 мг. Быстрое, надежное и продолжительное подавление секреции половых стероидов из-за блокирования работы гипоталамо-гипофизарно-яичниковой оси без выраженных побочных эффектов, обусловленных гипоэстрогенией, позволяет рассматривать его как перспективный препарат в лечении ММ, эндометриоза, а также их сочетания. Новый комбинированный пероральный препарат, включающий антагонист ГнРГ, способен при применении купировать два наиболее изнуряющих симптома, нарушающих качество жизни пациенток, страдающих этими заболеваниями: аномальные маточные кровотечения, ассоциированные с лейомиомой, и хроническую тазовую боль – верный спутник эндометриоза. К настоящему моменту в опубликованных исследованиях доказана высокая клиническая эффективность и благоприятный профиль безопасности пролонгированного применения препарата на срок до 104 нед (2 лет). Вопросы влияния препарата на размер миоматозных узлов и эндометриоидных гетеротопий при длительном применении только предстоит изучить. В практико-ориентированной части материала описываются когорты пациенток, наиболее перспективные с точки зрения применения нового перорального антагониста ГнРГ. Приведенная информация может быть полезна акушерам-гинекологам при выборе наиболее оптимальной лечебной стратегии в случае каждой конкретной пациентки.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists</kwd><kwd>uterine fibroids</kwd><kwd>endometriosis</kwd><kwd>gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists</kwd><kwd>abnormal uterine bleeding</kwd><kwd>chronic pelvic pain</kwd><kwd>uterine leiomyoma</kwd><kwd>menorrhagia</kwd><kwd>pelvic pain</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антагонисты ГнРГ</kwd><kwd>миома матки</kwd><kwd>эндометриоз</kwd><kwd>агонисты ГнРГ</kwd><kwd>аномальные маточные кровотечения</kwd><kwd>хроническая тазовая боль</kwd><kwd>лейомиома матки</kwd><kwd>меноррагия</kwd><kwd>тазовая боль</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kalpina F, Kumar D, Taj J, et al. 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