Development of several embryo sacs in ovule of Paeonia anomala (Paeoniaceae)

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The article presents the results of the study of development of the ovule and female gametophyte in Paeonia anomala L. The possibility of the formation of several embryo sacs in one ovule due to the development of several megasporocytes of the multicellular sporogenous complex and their entry into meiosis is confirmed. From 1 to 4 megasporocytes can enter meiosis, if they are covered by callose. Most often, 2-3 tetrads of megaspores are formed, although further development usually occurs in one tetrad; the rest can remain intact until the late 4-nucleate embryo sac. Possible reasons for the development of a single embryo sac are discussed: competition between tetrads, disruptions in meiosis, mechanisms regulating the fate of cells and the program of their development. Some morphogenetic correlations in the development of the embryo sac and the surrounding structures of the ovule are revealed. In particular, it has been shown that the development of two embryo sacs at the late 4-nucleate stage correlates with partial or complete destruction of the nucellar cap, whereas during the development of one gametophyte it is preserved for a long time. The dynamics of starch in the nucellar tissues during the gametophyte development has been noted: its accumulation first in the cells of the basal part, where the formation of tetrads and a 2-nucleate embryo sac occurs, and then its highest concentration in the lateral parts of the parietal tissue surrounding the growing gametophyte.

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Е. Sapunova

Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: vinogradova-galina@binran.ru
俄罗斯联邦, 2, Prof. Popov St., Saint Petersburg, 197022

G. Vinogradova

Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: vinogradova-galina@binran.ru
俄罗斯联邦, 2, Prof. Popov St., Saint Petersburg, 197022

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2. Fig. 1. Ovule development in Paeonia anomala: 1 – ovule primordium at the stage of integument and sporogenous cell initiation; 2–7 – structure of the ovule at the stages of: mitotic division of sporogenous cells and increase in their number (2), megasporocytes (3), megaspore tetrads (4), 2-nucleate embryo sac (5), 4-nucleate embryo sac (6), and embryo sac during maturation (7); 8 – formed ovule with a degenerating embryo sac at the 4-nucleate stage. e s – embryo sac, h – hypostase, i i – inner integument, m – micropyle, mc – megasporocyte, n c – nucellar cap, o i – outer integument, p o – placental obturator, p t – parietal tissue, s c – sporogenous cells, t – megaspore tetrad, v b – vascular bundle. Scale: 1–4 – 50 μm, 5–8 – 100 μm.

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3. Fig. 2. Development of the multicellular sporogenous complex and megasporogenesis in the ovule of Paeonia anomala: 1 – differentiation of sporogenous cells; 2 – prophase of mitotic division in sporogenous cells, leading to an increase in their number; 3 – sporogenous complex consisting of several megasporocytes arranged in 2 layers in the central part of the nucellus; 4–8 – formation of one or several tetrads of megaspores and dyads, in which the nuclei are in meiosis II (5 – development of the functional chalazal megaspore; 7, 8 – visualization with fluorescent microscopy of the tetrads of megaspores stained with aniline blue); 9 – localization of starch in the cells of the ovule, predominantly in the basal part of the nucellus near the tetrad of megaspores and in smaller quantities in the cells of the parietal tissue; d – dyad of cells formed after meiosis I, f m – functional megaspore, i i – inner integument, mc – megasporocyte, n c – nucellar cap, o i – outer integument, p t – parietal tissue, s c – sporogenous cells, s g – starch grains, t – tetrad of megaspores. Scale: 1–9 – 20 μm.

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4. Fig. 3. Development of the embryo sacs in the ovule of Paeonia anomala: 1 – 2-nucleate embryo sac formed from the functional megaspore of one tetrad, two other tetrads in the ovule do not develop further (1a – tetrad of megaspores in the same ovule as in 1, but in the next section); 2 – 2-nucleate embryo sac growing along the parietal tissue cells in the micropylar direction; 3 – 4-nucleate embryo sac growing along the parietal tissue cells in the micropylar direction; 4 – 4-nucleate embryo sac; 5 – two 4-nucleate embryo sacs in the same ovule; 6 – embryo sac in the process of maturation of its elements (6a – egg cell located in the next section). a – antipodals, e c – egg cell, e s – embryo sac, n c – nucellar cap, p t – parietal tissue, t – tetrad of megaspores. Scale: 1–6 – 50 μm.

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