The symbiotic bacterium Serratia liquefaciens enhances the development of Bacillus thuringiensis bacteriosis in Colorado potato beetle larvae by alkalinization of pH in the midgut

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Abstarct. Invasion by pathogens is accompanied by competitive interactions between the pathogens and the microbiota, by the allocation of a niche in the intestine for the pathogen, and induction of immune processes in the host organism. These processes are accompanied by the accumulation of microbiota secondary metabolites, which may result in alterations of physicochemical characteristics of the host gut. These events may affect the speed of progression of bacterial infections, including secondary bacterial infections. In this study, experimental evidence showed that within the initial 24-h period, both in vitro and in vivo, interaction between Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and the symbiotic bacterium Serratia liquefaciens caused alkalization of the medium: both the culture fluid and the midgut contents of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB). Combined oral administration of S. liquefaciens and Bt resulted in 83% mortality of CPB larvae as early as 48 h after the inoculation. This mortality rate was 8.3-fold higher than that (<10%) observed in individuals infected with Bt alone. Provision of food treated with Bt and a peptide fraction of S. liquefaciens metabolites to CPB larvae had analogous synergistic effects on mortality. It is possible that during an invasion by pathogens under conditions of the gut microbiota, there is an increase in the production of metabolites that can result in a release of inhibitors into the local medium. These inhibitors may then act as activators of Bt endotoxins (Cry toxins). This hypothesis requires further research.

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A. Artemchenko

Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University

Email: ovp0408@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk, 630091; Novosibirsk, 630090

T. Klementeva

Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology SB RAS

Email: ovp0408@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk, 630091

V. Khodyrev

Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology SB RAS

Email: ovp0408@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk, 630091

V. Sitnikov

Stavropol State Agrarian University

Email: ovp0408@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Stavropol, 355035

V. Glupov

Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology SB RAS

Email: ovp0408@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk, 630091

O. Polenogova

Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology SB RAS

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: ovp0408@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk, 630091

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2. Fig. 1. Interaction of Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (morrisoni) and Serratia liquefaciens in vitro using the double culture method on nutrient agar with a nutrient medium acidity (pH) from 4.5 to 10.0.

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3. Fig. 2. Changes in the acidity of the culture fluid (pH) in vitro during 24-hour cultivation of B. thuringiensis tenebrionis (morrisoni) together with (a) Serratia liquefaciens bacteria or (b) the peptide fraction of S. liquefacien metabolites: 1 – control; 2 – B. thuringiensis; 3 – S. liquefaciens; 4 – B. thuringiensis + S. liquefaciens. Different letters (a–d) indicate intergroup differences (Tukey’s test, p < 0.05).

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4. Fig. 3. Mortality of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata) larvae after oral inoculation with the entomopathogenic bacteria B. thuringiensis tenebrionis (morrisoni) (Bt) and (a) Serratia liquefaciens bacteria or (b) its peptide fraction of metabolites. Different letters (a–c) indicate significant between-group differences (Log rank, p < 0.001). # – synergistic effect calculated by Robertson and Preisler (2004).

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5. Fig. 4. Changes in pH values ​​in the intestinal contents of the Colorado potato beetle L. decemlineata larvae 12 and 24 h after oral inoculation with entomopathogenic bacteria B thuringiensis tenebrionis (morrisoni) (Bt) and (a) Serratia liquefaciens bacteria or (b) their peptide fraction of metabolites: 1 – control; 2 – B. thuringiensis; 3 – S. liquefaciens; 4 – B. thuringiensis + S. liquefaciens. Different letters (a–c) indicate between-group differences (Tukey’s test, p < 0.05).

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