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No 5 (2024)
Articles
Development of Technological Settlement of Building Foundations in the Process of High-Frequency Vibration Extraction of Piles
Abstract
Modern construction of a developed underground space requires a mandatory assessment of the impact on the surrounding buildings, that is, the determination of the so-called additional settlement. At the moment, there are clear methods for assessing the impact of digging pits and static loading of foundations from newly erected buildings on neighboring structures, carried out using numerical calculation methods. However, difficulties arise in determining additional settlement under technological influences, such as vibration immersion and vibration extraction of the sheet piling of a pit, as well as with various technologies for the manufacture of pile foundations. Modern building codes do not provide clear methods for such cases, although in practice process settlement can account for more than 70% of the total additional settlement of the building during the entire construction period. In this study, the authors present an analytical and numerical approach to calculating technological settlement from vibratory sheet pile extraction, which correlates well with observed real-world results.
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Influence of Reinforcement of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Biaxial Bending on the Position of Their Neutral Axis
Abstract
In building habits, members that are in a state of biaxial bending are often encountered. For example, reinforced concrete purlins, contour beams, crane beams, reinforced concrete frame elements. Despite the fact that building codes contain recommendations for the calculation of members subjected to biaxial bending, the issue of rational placement of reinforcement in the section remains relevant. The article reviews the work in this scope and concludes that there is insufficient research on the effect of reinforcement on the position of the neutral axis. The importance of the relationships under consideration is due to their direct connection with the load-bearing capacity of members subjected to biaxial bending. The purpose of the research is to determine the influence of the location of the reinforcement in the section and the ratio of its dimensions on the position of the neutral axis in a member subjected to biaxial bending. The authors calculated beams with various options for the location of the reinforcement in the section and analyzed the influence of the location of the reinforcement and the ratio of the dimensions of the reinforced concrete members on the position of the neutral axis. The angle of inclination of the axis and the area of the compressed zone of concrete were chosen as parameters determining the position of the neutral axis. Corresponding relationships were established between the effective depth of the section, the ratio of the beam dimensions and the parameters characterizing the position of the neutral axis. The calculation was carried out in accordance with state-of-the-art-type design regulations on ultimate forces and on a nonlinear deformation model. A comparison of the results obtained by the two methods showed both a general and opposite nature of the change in relationships, which is reflected graphically; numerical disarrangements were also identified due to the accuracy of the calculation, the prerequisites and assumptions underlying them.
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Underground Space Development Using Large-Sized Reinforced Concrete Modules
Abstract
The article describes trends in the development of underground construction from the point of view of its industrialization. In recent years there have been prerequisites for increasing the speed and volume of industrialization and application of large-sized reinforced concrete modules of factory production along with monolithic reinforced concrete both in aboveground and underground construction. Group of Companies “MonArch” is realizing the project of a low-rise residential building with a underground floor in modular design at current time. The aspects of underground floor design with use of large-size factory-made reinforced concrete modules are presented. As part of the Roadmap approved by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, it is planned to update a number of existing regulatory and technical documents aimed at simplifying design and survey work and the construction of modular buildings. Specialists of departments and leading organizations of the construction complex continue a number of studies aimed at improving existing and developing new calculation methods for buildings and structures made of large-sized modules. The results of the calculation of end and row modules of the underground floor on the spatial model by the finite element method are presented. The implementation of the idea of underground urbanistics using large-sized modules in modern conditions is possible and promising. Large-size modules are not inferior in their reliability to conventional building structures.
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Foam Gypsum in Modern Low-Rise Construction
Abstract
The use of foam gypsum thermal insulation in the enclosing structures of low-rise buildings includes a number of advantages: the availability of gypsum raw materials, accelerated construction time, environmental friendliness during operation and fire resistance. The paper presents the technology of obtaining a foam gypsum mass. The raw material mixture containing gypsum binder, fillers and structuring additives is subjected to mechanical activation and vacuuming in a continuously operating cavitation activator-disintegrator without forced air supply with a rotor rotation speed of at least 3000 rpm. The result is a foam gypsum mass with an optimal size of bubbles forming pores, evenly distributed throughout the volume. The results of experimental determinations of the physical, mechanical and thermophysical characteristics of foam gypsum are presented. The results of the study of operational characteristics allow us to recommend the technology of pouring and slab foam gypsum in low-rise construction of houses from frame-cladding structures.
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Transformation of Requirements for the Design of University Campuses in Modern Conditions
Abstract
The principles of the formation of comfortable and modern-compliant complexes and buildings of dormitories for nonresident and foreign university students are considered. Often, dormitories of universities in the Russian Federation do not have the proper level of comfort for living. Students are a unique category of housing consumers, they have high potential and limited financial resources. To determine the directions for improving the architectural and urban planning organization of housing for students of higher educational institutions, taking into account modern requirements, a sociological study was conducted, as a result of which a hierarchy of needs of students living in temporary housing was revealed; the most significant parameters of buildings and service infrastructure were determined, taking into account the socio-demographic characteristics of residents; the main requirements imposed by students on infrastructure were determined the campus of a higher educational institution; the necessity of an integrated approach to the organization of the university campus was confirmed.
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Wood is the Material of Traditional Architecture: Problems of Restoration
Abstract
The widespread use of wood as a natural building material, typical not only for works of folk architecture, but also for country estates of the XVIII-XX centuries. The subject of study is limited to the restoration of objects on the territory of some districts of the Russian capital. The architects used wood, combining it with other natural materials. When restoring damaged or lost fragments of a wooden architectural monument, the restorer has to solve the problem of the organicity of the recreated details and the problem of choosing other materials other than authentic ones in order to preserve the holistic aesthetic impression of the architectural work. It is concluded that the restoration and reconstruction of historical buildings made of wood located on the territory of the capital require an integrated approach. It is necessary to take into account aesthetic, technological requirements, as well as fire safety requirements. It should be possible to vary the material of the restored fragment of the building, if this is related to preserving the integrity of the artistic perception of the architectural monument.
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Comparison of Software Packages for BIM Modeling During the Restoration of a Cultural Heritage Site
Abstract
Creating a virtual building model in BIM allows you to set not only the geometric parameters of the elements, but also the characteristics of the materials. At the same time, the application of BIM in historical buildings can be difficult due to the complexity and variety of geometric shapes and materials. In this regard, an important criterion for choosing software is the simplicity of setting the basic parameters necessary to solve specific tasks. The creation of a digital model of a historical building significantly expands the capabilities of the designer and allows you to find non-standard ways to solve the tasks set, at the same time to be confident in the reality of the implementation of design solutions. At the same time, standard BIM tools are focused on modern buildings and may not take into account the complexity of the geometry of a historical building. The need to create historical structures, such as wooden floor slabs or vaulted elements, may be associated with significant difficulties when creating in a BIM environment in various software packages.
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Geotechnical Practice of Strengthening the Foundations of a Three-Storey Administrative Building
Abstract
Reconstruction of facilities often involves a change in the structural scheme of the building, in connection with this, a significant increase in external loads under existing load-bearing elements is possible. In addition, it is possible that additional load-bearing structures will appear with correspondingly new foundations. There is an urgent need to increase the bearing capacity of foundation bases. The construction of drilling-injection reinforcement piles arranged using geotechnical electric discharge technology (ERT piles) is the most acceptable for conditions of particularly cramped conditions.
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