Energy reserves and some related population characteristics of the Common frog (Rana temporaria) from the opposite parts of the range

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Resumo

For the first time, a comprehensive assessment of energy resources (lipids and glycogen) in tissues and organs, and some related population characteristics was carried out using the Common frog (Rana temporaria) from the eastern periphery of its distribution range (suburbs of Perm City, Pre-Ural region).The traditional concept of the seasonal dynamics of lipid and glycogen reserves, their partitioning between the needs of growth, reproduction and survival during overwintering, all obtained using western populations, was shown to be not fully applicable to individuals from other parts of the range, even with the same duration of the activity season. The values of the relative masses of storage organs (liver and fat bodies), the content of glycogen and lipids therein, the body sizes of individuals and their reproductive characteristics revealed in the study population can serve as the basis for studying the geographic variability of these interrelated features in the eastern part of the range.

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Sobre autores

N. Bulakhova

Institute of the Biological Problems of the North, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: sigma44@mail.ru
Rússia, Magadan, 685000

K. Shishikina

Institute of the Biological Problems of the North, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: korotkova.kseniya@bk.ru
Rússia, Magadan, 685000

A. Semukhina

Perm State National Research University

Email: anyuta.semuhina@yandex.ru
Rússia, Perm, 614990

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2. Fig. 1. Regression relationship between fecundity and body length of female grass frogs (Rana temporaria) in the Permian population.

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3. Fig. 2. Seasonal variability of water content in tissues and organs of the grass frog (Rana temporaria) in the Permian population. Horizontal lines are median values, ends of vertical “whiskers” are minimum and maximum values, and dots are outliers. The ends of the brackets indicate the samples being compared, the significance of differences is given above the brackets: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.

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4. Fig. 3. Changes in liver weight (A) and liver index (B) in the grass frog (Rana temporaria) in the Permian population during wintering. Significance of differences: ns - differences are not reliable, ***p ≤ 0.001; other designations as in Fig. 2.

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5. Fig. 4. Lipid content in tissues and organs of the grass frog (Rana temporaria) in the Permian population in fall and spring: A - fat bodies, B - liver, C - muscles. See Fig. 2 for designations.

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6. Fig. 5. Seasonal changes in glycogen content in liver (A) and muscle (B) in the grass frog (Rana temporaria) in the Permian population.

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7. Fig. 6. Total stock of glycogen (A) and lipids (B) in organs and tissues (liver, fat bodies, muscles) of the grass frog (Rana temporaria) in the Permian population before and after wintering. Circles - females, squares - males, black fill - fall, white - spring. The number of points on the graph does not correspond to the number of studied individuals due to the coincidence of some values.

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8. Fig. 7. Relationship between fecundity and female size in Permian (black dots) and Finnish (white dots, from: Koskela, Pasanen, 1975) populations of the grass frog (Rana temporaria). Gray fill is the set of individuals with the same body length from both populations, in which fecundity was compared (see text).

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