Philosophical and sociological foundations of the social contract emergence and functioning

The article is devoted to a philosophical analysis of the initial foundations of the emergence and functioning of the social contract, which is associated with the study of the role and significance of natural and divine law. The purpose of the article is to consider the philosophical and sociological foundations of the emergence and functioning of the social contract. But along with philosophical analysis, great importance is attached to the sociological approach, i. e., the vision of the problems of public agreement “from below”, from the people. This topic has been little studied in the scientific literature. Two fragments of the theoretical, methodological, historical and sociological aspects of the problem of substantiating the social contract are considered.