Sensornye sistemy

Phenomena that occur in response to a decrease in support afferentation, such as a reflex decrease in muscle tone, structural changes in the muscular periphery, and impaired coordination of movements, were observed both in microgravity and in ground-based models of its physiological effects, as well as in immobilized patients and the elderly. The discovery of the concept of the trigger role of support afferentation in the activity of postural-tonic muscle system led to the development of methods of the support stimulation as a countermeasure for the motor unloading negative consequences. This review aims to discuss the results of applying the method of mechanical stimulation of the soles support zones to mitigate negative consequences of the support and motor unloading in space and ground-based medical practice.

The effect of sensory-cognitive training on features of perception, attention and memory in elderly and senile people was studing. The experimental group included 16 elderly and senile volunteer subjects (average age 73 ±1.7 years) who did not have a history of significant age-related sensory and neurological problems (survey data). All subjects underwent a course of sensory-cognitive exercises for 4 weeks, as well as psychophysical testing and assessment of psychological health resources before and after the training.

A significant improvement in target sensory-cognitive indicators (perception, attention, memory) in the experimental group and the dynamics of a number of individual psychological characteristics (anxiety, hierarchy in the value system, vital durability and cheerfulness) were shown. The results allow us to conclude that the developed course of sensory-cognitive training helps to update both the potential of sensory-cognitive processes and the psychological health resources of older people. This indicates the preventive importance of functional training in the context of reducing the age-related risks of developing dementia and achieving the goals of active aging.

The spatial hearing in patients with mild and moderate symmetrical chronic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was studied using the Russian-language version of the Spatial hearing questionnaire (SHQ). 141 patients aged 47 to 82 years were examined. The comparative analysis was performed in the groups of age-related normal hearing, mild SNHL, moderate SNHL. A significant deterioration in spatial perception was shown, revealed by the results of the survey in both groups with SNHL, and the mild and moderate hearing loss groups significantly differed in some indicators. The deterioration of spatial perception revealed by the analysis of the subscales of the questionnaire and the quantitative estimates of spatial and temporal resolution obtained earlier with mild and moderate degrees SNHL were in good agreement. With moderate SNHL, the scores of all four subscales of the questionnaire were significantly reduced. In clinical practice, this questionnaire can be used as a screening method for assessing spatial hearing in patients with SNHL.

The inquiry into how cortical neurons respond to interoceptive signals remains a complex puzzle, central to understanding self-awareness in advanced mammals, including humans. A fundamental aspect under scrutiny is whether neural networks in the cerebral cortex of animals can accurately reflect internal bodily states, particularly cardiac activity. To investigate this, we conducted a study on neurons within the temporal cortex of awake and sleeping cat, employing a unique setup enabling continuous differential recording of local potentials in specific cortical regions, alongside monitoring the cardiogram. Our findings revealed intriguing insights. While the primary auditory cortex (AI) exhibited minimal cellular activity synchronized with heartbeats, the secondary auditory zones within the temporal cortex – the anterior ectosylvian sulcus and the posterior ectosylvian gyrus – displayed synchronization with heart rate. This synchronization was particularly evident in local potentials, with certain neurons within these zones responding to sounds and also exhibiting rhythmic activity aligned with heart contractions. Notably, the complexity of phase histograms derived from the cardiogram period suggests that this synchronization is not attributable to artifacts but rather represents genuine neural responses. Our observations prompt consideration of a hypothesis regarding primary self-awareness in both humans and animals. We propose that this phenomenon emerges from the dynamic interaction of two neural ensembles: one representing external sensory input and the other reflecting interoceptive signals, notably from the heart. This interplay between external and internal stimuli may underpin the fundamental experience of the consciousness of self in highly developed organisms.

To obtain a photo that reproduces the original scene as accurately as possible, it is necessary to solve the problem of color correction, that is, to find a mapping that translates the coordinates of the camera color space (RGB) into the coordinates of the human color space (CIE XYZ). In this article, we consider color correction using lookup tables, pre-built for various lighting conditions. This approach allows you to achieve high speed and accuracy when applying color correction on the device, but requires large amounts of RAM, which, for example, mobile phones do not have. We propose a method for automatic thinning of a set of search tables without loss of accuracy of color correction. The method is based on clustering of the mappings that specify the color correction. To compare the mappings, we propose a criterion for their similarity based on the maximum difference of the generated colors in the target space of a standard CIE XYZ observer. For the proposed criterion, the article provides an effective calculation method and, together with a theorem justifying the correctness of the method.