Historical aspects of the large-format ceramic stones production

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Abstract

Large-format blocks have played an important role in world architecture since ancient civilizations, when they were used in temples and monuments building. The history of architecture, construction and technology study gives possibility tracing changes in architectural styles, types of structures, quality and types of building materials, which clearly outlines the historical layers of the past civilizational turns, change of the human development cycles. On the example of wall single-pieces usage in world architecture, one can trace the history of states and their technological and financial capabilities. The general pattern of the large blocks usage in construction is utilitarian, both in ancient times and presently, it is an increase of the construction speed, high of production level and economic efficiency. The relevance of the enlarged ceramic stones usage and production is proved by historical examples and modern construction concept (modular construction, information modeling technologies, parametric design, etc.), as well as the engineering and construction technology development level. Presently there is an increase of ceramic usage in construction in Russia due to combination of the excellent thermal insulation characteristics, convenience in construction process and environmental advantages.

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About the authors

K. M. Uzhahov

Ingush State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: karhan60@mail.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

Russian Federation, 7, I.B. Zyazikova Avenue, Magas, Republic of Ingushetia, 386001

K. A. Lapunova

Don State Technical University

Email: keramik_kira@mail.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

Russian Federation, 1, Gagarina Square, Rostov-on-Don, 344003

A. G. Zemlyanskaya

Don State Technical University

Email: anna-bondaryuk@yandex.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering)

Russian Federation, 1, Gagarina Square, Rostov-on-Don, 344003

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2. Fig. 1. Ancient structures made of large-format stones (limestone): a – Temple of Jupiter, Baalbek, Lebanon, 1st century; b – Pyramid of Kukulkan, Chichen Itza, Mexico, 11th century

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3. Fig. 2. Ceramic products of Western European and Russian standards: a – EN 771-1:2011 (a type of LD brick); b – GOST 530–2012 (ceramic stones)

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4. Fig. 3. Example of an ancient Roman ceramic block in the heating system of the baths, 2nd century: a – Tubuli; b – block structure

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5. Fig. 4. Types of hollow ceramic stones proposed for introduction into production in the 50s of the XX century

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6. Fig. 5. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Building, architects V.G. Gelfreich and M.A. Minkus, Moscow, 1948–1953: a – construction photo; b – exterior wall made of ceramic blocks, photo from 1950 [12]

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7. Fig. 6. Installation of a large-panel facing block, construction of Moscow State University, Moscow: a – photo from 1951; b – photo from 1952 [12].

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8. Fig. 7. Examples of ceramic wall enlarged stones, GOST 530–80: a – enlarged stone; b – stone

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9. Fig. 8. Types of American hollow wall and facing ceramic blocks, 1938: a – stepped; b – wall

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10. Fig. 9. Ceramic porous blocks, BRAER Group

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