Two third century AD complexes with golden funerary face plates from the Chersonesus necropolis

Capa

Citar

Texto integral

Acesso aberto Acesso aberto
Acesso é fechado Acesso está concedido
Acesso é fechado Somente assinantes

Resumo

During excavations of Chersonesus in 2021, golden burial face plates with impressions of Roman coins of the 3rd century AD were found in two burials, those of a Roman soldier and a teenager. A silver fibula from the first burial allows the authors to assume confidently that the warrior was an officer (possibly a foederatus). His purse with antoniniani and Chersonesus bronze coins represents part of the military salary. This burial complex is a new evidence of a Roman garrison after the mid-3rd century AD. The uniqueness of the gold items (a mouth plate and a pair of eye plates) made in the same style from both graves, together with the details of Roman military equipment, suggests that this section of the Chersonesus southern necropolis was used to bury both Roman garrison soldiers and their family members.

Texto integral

Acesso é fechado

Sobre autores

M. Abramzon

Institute of Archaeology of the RAS; Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: abramzon-m@mail.ru
Rússia, Moscow; Magnitogorsk

D. Kostromichev

Tauric Chersonesus State Museum-Preserve

Email: akfill@list.ru
Rússia, Sevastopol

A. Tereshchenko

State Russian Museum

Email: andrtereshhen@yandex.ru
Rússia, Saint Petersburg

M. Treister

Email: mikhailtreister@yahoo.de

Independent Researcher

Alemanha, Bonn

Bibliografia

  1. Abramzon M.G., 2015. Gold imitations on ancient coins from the excavations of Phanagoria. Zoloto Fanagorii [Gold of Phanagoria]. M.Yu. Treyster, ed. Moscow: Institut arkheologii Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, pp. 182–193. (Fanagoriya. Rezul'taty arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, 2). (In Russ.)
  2. Abramzon M.G., Peter U., 2019. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum Russland: Staatliches Historisches Museum Moskau. Münzen Des Nördlichen Schwarzmeergebietes. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter. 261 p.
  3. Ancient Gold: The Wealth of the Thracians. Treasures from the Republic of Bulgaria: catalog. I. Marazov, ed. New York: Harry Abrams, 1998. 256 p.
  4. Aupert P., 1976. Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques en Grèce en 1975. Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, 100, pp. 591–745.
  5. Aurul şi argintul antic al României: c atalog de expoziţie. E. Oberländer-Târnoveanu, ed. Bucureşti: Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a României, 2013. 703 p.
  6. Bozhkova A., 1997. Burial Mound near Kotcherinovo in the Valley of Upper Struma. Archaeology in Bulgaria, 1, 1, pp. 67–76.
  7. Bozhkova A., 1997. A grave find with decorations from the Roman imperial period. Problemi na izkustvoto [Problems of arts studies], vol. 30-A, no. 3–4, pp. 46–50. (In Bulgarian).
  8. Buchem H. van, 1966. De gouden speld van Julianus. Numaga, 13, pp. 49–104.
  9. Dashevskaya O.D., 1991. Pozdnie skify v Krymu [Late Scythians in the Crimea]. Moscow: Nauka. 141 p. (Arkheologiya SSSR. Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov, D1-7).
  10. Die Krim. Goldene Insel im Schwarzen Meer. Griechen – Skythen – Goten: Katalog. Bonn: Landesmuseum Bonn, 2013. 460 p.
  11. Dimitrova D., 1997. Golden necklaces from the Great mound near the village of Madrets, Galabovsko. Anali [Annals], 1–4, pp. 59–70. (In Bulgarian).
  12. Doroshko V.V., 2012. Roman military footwear from the excavations of Chersonesos and its vicinity. Evraziya v skifo-sarmatskoe vremya: pamyati Iriny Ivanovny Gushchinoy [Eurasia in the Scythian-Sarmatian period: in memory of Irina Ivanovna Gushchina]. Moscow, pp. 100–113. (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya, 191). (In Russ.)
  13. Facsády A.R., 2009. Aquinc umi Ékszerek = Jewellery in Aquincum. Budapest: Torteneti Muzeum. 132 p.
  14. Fischer T., 1988. Römische Offizierausrüstung im 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. Bayerische Vorgeschichtsblätter, 53, pp. 167–190.
  15. Gilevich A.M., 1965. Pribrezhnoye hoard of Roman coins. Numizmatika i epigrafika [Numismatics and epigraphy], V. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 103–111. (In Russ.)
  16. Gold und Kunsthandwerk vom antiken Kuban: neue archäologische Entdeckungen aus der Sowjetunion (Städtisches Reiss-Museum Mannheim, Archäologische Sammlungen, Sonderausstellung vom 22. Januar bis 27. März 1989). W.A. Nabatschikow, A.M. Leskow, W.L. Lapuschnjan, eds. Stuttgart: Theiss, 1989. 189 p.
  17. Goldhelm. Schwert und Silberschätze. Reichtümer aus 6000 Jahren rumänischer Vergangenheit: Katalog. von B. Deppert-Lippitz, W. Meier-Arendt, eds. Frankfurt: Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, 1994. 257 p.
  18. Graziadio G., 2013. The Importance of Mouth Coverings in the Late Cypriot Burial Customs. SOMA 2012. Identity and Connectivity: Proceedings of the 16th Symposium on Mediterranean, Archaeology (Florence, Italy, 1–3 March 2012), vol. 1. L. Bombardieri, ed. Oxford: Archaeopress, pp. 345–351.
  19. Greco C., 1992. Le fibule a croce nella odierna Lombardia. Sibrium, 21 (1990/1991), pp. 315–334.
  20. Greifenhagen A., 1970. Schmuckarbeiten in Ede lmetall, I. Berlin: Mann. 102 p.
  21. Gschwind M., 2004. Abusina. Das römische auxiliarkastell Eining an der Donau vom 1. bis 5. Jahrhundert n. Chr. München: Beck. 438 p. (Münchner Beiträge zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte, 53).
  22. Heesch J. van, 2014. Paying the Roman soldiers in the East (1st–2nd century AD). De l'or pour les braves! Soldes, armées et circulation dans le monde romain. M. Reddé, ed. Bordeaux; Paris: Ausonius, pp. 139–159. (Scripta Antiqua, 69).
  23. Kalashnik Yu.P., 2013. Panticapaeum indications. Fiditiya: pamyati Yu.V. Andreeva [Feiditia. In memory of Yu.V. Andreev]. Yu.A. Vinogradov, M.Yu. Vakhtina, V.A. Goroncharovskiy, eds. St. Petersburg: Dmitriy Bulanin, pp. 85‒99. (In Russ.)
  24. Keller E., 1971. Die Spätrömischen Grabfunde in Südbaye rn. München: Beck. 270 p.
  25. Khachaturova E.A., 2011. Accessions to the jewellery collection of the E.D. Felitsyn Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve since the late 1960s. Anfimov N.V. Drevnee zoloto Kubani [Ancient gold of the Kuban]. 2nd edition. Krasnodar: Traditsiya, pp. 238–263. (In Russ.)
  26. Khrapunov I.N., 2016. Silver and bronze buckles from the Neyzats cemetery. Krym v sarmatskuyu epokhu (II v. do n.e. – IV v. n.e.) [Crimea in the Sarmatian period (2nd century BC – 4th century AD)], II. 20 let issledovaniy mogil'nika Neyzats [20 years of research on the Neyzats cemetery]. I.N. Khrapunov, ed. Simferopol': Nasledie tysyacheletiy, pp. 97–121. (In Russ.)
  27. Kostromichev D.A., 2006. Roman military equipment from Chersonesos. Materialy po istorii, arkheologii i etnografii Tavrii [Materials on the history, archaeology and ethnography of Taurica], iss. XII, part 1. Simferopol', pp. 43‒128. (In Russ.)
  28. Kostromichev D.A., 2011. Roman military presence in Chersonesos in the early 1st – first half of the 5th century (according to archaeological evidence). Stratum plus, 4, pp. 15‒164. (In Russ.)
  29. Kovalenko S.A., 2017. Ancient coin-shaped appliques in the northern Black Sea Littoral (Chersonesian and Bosporan patterns). Νόμισμα / Κόσμημα: Χρήσεις – Διαδράσεις – Συμβολισμοί από την αρχαιότητα έως σήμερα: Πρακτικά Διεθνούς Συνεδρίου (Ίος, 26–28 Ιουνίου 2009) = Coinage / Jewellery: Uses – Interactions – Symbolisms, from Antiquity to the Present: International Conference Proceedings (Ios, 26–28 June 2009). K. Liampi, C. Papaevangelou-Genakos, D. Plantzos, eds. Athens: Λυδία Λίθος – Society for the Study of Numismatics and Economic History, pp. 113–125. (Kerma, IV).
  30. L’or des Amazones: catalogue. V. Schiltz, ed. Paris: Paris-Musées, Findakly, 2001. 302 p.
  31. Lockyear K., Sly T., Popescu A., 2006. The Noviodunum Archaeological Project 2000–2004: results and conclusions from the pilot seasons. Peuce. New Series, 3 – 4, pp. 121 – 158.
  32. Lungu V., Covacef Z., Chera K., 2012. Bijuterii antice din aur din colecţiile Muzeului de Istorie Naţională şi Arheologie Constanţa. Constanţa: Ex Ponto. 145 p. (Biblotheca Tomitana, VI).
  33. Malashev V.Yu., 2000. Periodization of belt sets of the late Sarmatian period. Sarmaty i ikh sosedi na Donu [Sarmatians and their neighbours on the Don]. Rostov-na-Donu: Terra, pp. 194–232. (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii Dona, 1). (In Russ.)
  34. Mordvintseva V.I., Khachaturova E.A., Yurchenko T.V., 2010. Sokrovishcha drevney Kubani [Treasures of the ancient Kuban]. Simferopol'; Krasnodar: Universum. 448 p. (Drevnyaya torevtika i yuvelirnoe delo v Vostochnoy Evrope, 4).
  35. Naumann F., 1980. Antiker Schmuck: Vollständiger Katalog der Sammlung und der Sonderausstellung vom 31.5. bis 31.8.1980. Kassel: Staatliche Kunstsammlungen. 79 p.
  36. Novichikhin A.M., Galut O.A., 2013. Zoloto Gorgippii [ G old of Gorgippia]. Anapa; Krasnodar: Platonov. 96 p.
  37. Pogrebova N.N., 1957. Gold faceplates from the burials of the Scythian Neapolis mausoleum. Istoriya i arkheologiya drevnego Kryma [History and archaeology of the ancient Crimea]. P.N. Shul'ts, ed. Kiev: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk Ukrainskoy SSR, pp. 142–154. (In Russ.)
  38. Pogrebova N.N., 1961. Burials in the Scythian Neapolis Mausoleum. Pamyatniki epokhi bronzy i rannego zheleza v Severnom Prichernomor'e [The Bronze and Early Iron Age sites in the Northern Pontic]. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, pp. 103–213. (Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii SSSR, 96). (In Russ.)
  39. Popović I., 2004. Specific Variants of Gold and Silver Early Zwiebelknopf Fibulae from Eastern Serbia. Starinar [Antiquity], 53–54 (2003–2004). Beograd, pp. 225 – 235.
  40. Pröttel P.M., 1988. Zur Chronologie der Zwiebelknopffibeln. Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 347 – 372.
  41. Puzdrovskiy A.E., 2007. Krymskaya Skifiya II v. do n.e. – III v. n.e. Pogrebal'nye pamyatniki [Crimean Scythia of the 2nd century BC – 3rd century AD. Burial sites]. Simferopol': Biznes-Inform. 479 p.
  42. Pyatysheva N.V., 1956. Yuvelirnye izdeliya Khersonesa (konets IV v. do n.e. – IV v. n.e. [Jewellery of Chersonesos (the late 4th century BC – 4th century AD)]. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo kul'turno-prosvetitel'noy literatury. 84 p. (Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya. Pamyatniki kul'tury, 18).
  43. Quast D., 2014. Goldener Sepulkralschmuck der Römerzeit aus Ṭ ar ṭ ūs / Antarados (SYR). Honesta Missione: Festschrift für Barbara Pferdehirt. Mainz: Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, pp. 265–310. (Monographien des römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, 100).
  44. Riha E., 1990. Der römische Schmuck aus Augst und Kaiseraugst. Augst: Römermuseum. 245 p. (Forschungen in Augst, 10).
  45. Riha E., 1994. Die römischen Fibeln aus Augst und Kaiseraugst. Die Neufunde seit 1975. Augst: Römermuseum. 204 p. (Forschungen in Augst, 18).
  46. Saprykin S.Yu., D'yachkov S.V., 1999. New Roman altar from Chersonesos. Vestnik drevney istorii [Journal of ancient history], 4, pp. 71–78. (In Russ.)
  47. Schönert-Geiss E., 1972. Die Münzprägung von Byzantion, II. Kaizerzeit. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. 173 p.
  48. Sharov O.V., 1999. On the time of the appearance of T-shaped hinge fibulae in the Northern Pontic. Stratum plus, 3, pp. 189–206. (In Russ.)
  49. Shedevry drevnego iskusstva Kubani: katalog [Artistic masterpieces from the ancient Kuban: catalogue]. A.M. Leskov, ed. Moscow: Ministerstvo kul'tury SSSR, 1987. 188 p.
  50. Solomonik E.I., 1983. Latinskie nadpisi Khersonesa Tavricheskogo [Latin inscriptions of Tauric Chersonesos]. Moscow: Nauka. 94 p.
  51. Stephani L., 1878. Erklärung einiger im Jahre 1874 im südlichen Russland gefundenen Kunstwerke. Otchet Arkheologicheskiy komissii za 1875 g. [ Report of the Archaeological Commission for 1875]. St. Petersburg, pp. 5–91.
  52. Sutherland C.H.V. et al., 1984–1994. The Roman Imperial Coinage. London: Spink and Son. 10 vols.
  53. Swift E., 2000. Regionality in Dress Accessories in the late Roman West. Montagnac: Editions Monique Mergoi. 312 p. (Monographies Instrumentum, 11)
  54. Teodosiev N., Manov M., 1993. Inhumation at the village of Dragodan, Kyustendilsko. Arkheologiya [Archaeology], 1. Sofia, pp. 31–42. (In Bulgarian).
  55. The treasures of Nomadic Tribes in South Russia: catalog. Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1991. 178 p.
  56. Tonkova M., 2013. Gold Wreaths from Thrace. The Thracians and their Neighbors in the Bronze and Iron Ages: Proceedings of the 12 th Congress of Thracology, Târgovişte, 10 th –14 th September 2013, vol. II. Necropolises, Cult places, Religion, Mythology. V. Sîrbu, R. Ștefănescu, eds. Braşov: Museul Brăilei: Istros, pp. 413–445.
  57. Treyster M.Yu., 2015. Gold of Phanagoria. Typological, stylistic and chronological analysis. Zoloto Fanagorii [Gold of Phanagoria]. M.Yu. Treyster, ed. Moscow: Institut arkheologii Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, pp. 77–181. (Fanagoriya. Rezul'taty arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, 2). (In Russ.)
  58. Trufanov A.A., Mordvintseva V.I., 2016. Warrior grave of the mid-1st century AD from the Ust-Alma necropolis (the South-Western Crimea). Problemy istorii, filologii, kul'tury [Journal of Historical, Philological and Cultural Studies], 2 (52), pp. 196–212. (In Russ.)
  59. Uygun Ç., 2021. Adana Müzesi’nden Cenaze Takıları ve Aplikler. Arkhaia Anatolika, 4, pp. 314–340. h ttps://doi.org/10.32949/Arkhaia.2021.37
  60. Varbanov V., 2012. Barbarian Invasions in the Roman Provinces of Lower Moesia and Thrace in the mid- Third Century and the Coin Hoards from that Period. The Lower Danube Roman Limes (1st–6th c. AD). Sofia: National Archaeological Institute and Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, pp. 287–308.
  61. Vinogradov Yu.G., Zubar' V.M., Antonova I.A., 1999. Schola principalium in Chersonesos. Numizmatika i epigrafika [Numismatics and epigraphy], XVI. Moscow: Progress-Traditsiya, pp. 72–81. (In Russ.)
  62. Werner J., 1989. Zu den römischen Mantelfibeln zweier Kriegergräber von Leuna. Jahresschrift von mitteldeutscher Vorgeschichte, 72, pp. 121–134.
  63. Wygnańska Z., 2014. Tracing the “ Diadem-wearers”: an Inquiry into the Meaning of Simple-form Head Adornments from the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age in the Near East. Beyond Ornamentation. Jewelry as an Aspect of Material Culture in the Ancient Near East. A. Golani, Z. Wygnańska, eds. Warsaw: Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology, University of Warsaw, pp. 85–144. (Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 23, 2).
  64. Zahariade M., 1988. Moesia Secunda, Scythia şi Notitia Dignitatum. Bucureşti: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România. 199 p.
  65. Zhuravlev D.V., Novikova E.Yu., Kovalenko S.A., Shemakhanskaya M.S., 2017. Zoloto Khersonesa Tavricheskogo (yuvelirnye izdeliya iz sobraniya Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeya) [ Gold of Tauric Chersonesos (jewellery from the collection of the State Historical Museum) ]. Moscow: Vneshtorgizdat. 360 p.
  66. Zubar' V.M., 1982. Nekropol' Khersonesa Tavricheskogo I‒IV vv. n.e. [ Necropolis of Tauric Chersonesos of the 1st–4th centuries AD ]. Kiev: Naukova dumka. 144 p.
  67. Zubar' V.M., 1994. Khersones Tavricheskiy i Rimskaya imperiya. Ocherki voenno-politicheskoy istorii [Tauric Chersonesos and the Roman Empire. Studies in military and political history]. Kiev: Kievskaya akademiya evrobiznesa. 179 p.
  68. Zubar' V.M., 2000. On the Roman troops in Chersonesos and its region in the middle of the 2nd – first third of the 3rd century. Balaklava. Rimskaya voennaya baza i svyatilishche Yupitera Dolikhena [Balaklava. Roman military base and sanctuary of Jupiter Dolichenus]. T. Sarnovski, O.Ya Savelya, eds. Varshava: Institut arkheologii Varshavskogo universiteta, pp. 252–264. (Światowit. Supplement Series A: Antiquity, 5). (In Russ.)
  69. Zubar' V.M., Sarnovskiy T., Antonova I.A., 2001. A new Latin inscription from the excavations of the citadel and some issues of the late classical history of Chersonesos. Khersonesskiy sbornik [Chersonesos collection], XI. Sevastopol': Ribest, pp. 106–115. (In Russ.)

Arquivos suplementares

Arquivos suplementares
Ação
1. JATS XML
Baixar
2. Fig. 1. Burial of a Roman army officer

Baixar (2MB)
Metadados
3. Fig. 2. Gold burial face plates

Baixar (1MB)
Metadados
4. Fig. 3. Silver goods (A) and Roman and Chersonesian coins (Б) from the burial of a Roman army officer

Baixar (951KB)
Metadados

Declaração de direitos autorais © Russian Academy of Sciences, 2024