Comparative assessment of toxic damage to the rats’ liver after subchronic exposure to nanoparticles of different chemical nature

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Introduction. Nanoscale particles, which are formed as a by-product of technological processes in the mining and metallurgical industries, pose high risks to workers’ health. The liver, as the center of detoxification processes in the body, is a target organ when almost any harmful chemical factors of the production environment enter the body, and their impact can cause the development of pathological processes in the liver.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the features of the hepatotoxic effect of various elementoxide nanoparticles (EO NPs) on an experimental in vivo model under subchronic exposure.

Material and methods. We examined hepatotoxicity of EO NPs in rats in three experiments with repeated intraperitoneal injections of NPs (1) PbO and CdO, (2) NiO, (3) CuO and SeO in total doses from 4.5 to 72 mg/kg body weight. Each experiment had its own control group. NPs were synthesized by laser ablation from pure metal plates. The assessment of hepatotoxicity in rats was carried out after the end of the experimental period according to the following indicators: liver mass, biochemical parameters of blood, cytological composition of liver cells and morphometric parameters in it.

Results. Of the NPs studied, NiO NPs and CdO NPs had the most pronounced hepatotoxic effect. At the same time, essential elements (such as selenium and copper) in the form of oxide nanoparticles at the studied doses had a hepatotoxic effect.

Discussion. Negative changes were observed following repeated intraperitoneal injections of different element oxide nanoparticles in all experimental animals, the most pronounced being related to exposures to CdO and NiO NPs. Alterations of biochemical parameters did not always correlate with structural damages revealed by histology and imprint cytology.

Limitations. The study is limited to examining toxic liver injury in only one animal species and sex.

Conclusion. The severity of the hepatotoxic effect of the studied nanoparticles (PbO, CdO, NiO, CuO, SeO) in a subchronic toxicological experiment on animals depends on their chemical nature.

Compliance with ethical standards. The experimental studies were approved by the local institutional ethics committee (protocols No. 2 of 01.02.2018, No. 4 of 01.02.2018, No. 2 of 20.04.2021).

Authors’ contribution:
Minigalieva I.A., Sutunkova M.P. – study concept and design, scientific editing of the text;
Klinova S.V., Kungurtseva A.K. – data collection and processing, preparation of figures, writing the text;
Valamina I.E. – histomorphological assessment;
Sahautdinova R.R. – data collection and processing, preparation of figures.
All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: June 19, 2024 / Revised: September 27, 2024 / Accepted: December 18, 2024 / Published: February 25, 2025

作者简介

Ilzira Minigalieva

Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0097-7845

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of Rospotrebnadzor, 620014, Yekaterinburg

e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru

Marina Sutunkova

Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: marinasutunkova@yandex.ru

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Director of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of Rospotrebnadzor, 620014, Yekaterinburg

e-mail: marinasutunkova@yandex.ru

Svetlana Klinova

Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: klinovasv@ymrc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0927-4062

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of Rospotrebnadzor, 620014, Yekaterinburg

e-mail: klinovasv@ymrc.ru

Alexandra Kungurtseva

Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: tsaplinaak@ymrc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3262-8527

Junior Researcher, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of Rospotrebnadzor, 620014, Yekaterinburg

e-mail: tsaplinaak@ymrc.ru

Irina Valamina

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: ivalamina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7387-5287

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 620028, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg

e-mail: ivalamina@mail.ru

Renata Sahautdinova

Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Yekaterinburg Medical and Scientific Center for Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: sahautdinova@ymrc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2726-9259

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Diagnostic Laboratory Department of the Research and Production Association of Laboratory Diagnostic Technologies of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

e-mail: sahautdinova@ymrc.ru

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