Lombard speech detection in case of spatial separation between noise source and talkers of different genders

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Resumo

The spatial selectivity of hearing to speech signals was studied when the target signal and interference were separated by distance between their sources and the listener. In the work, the hypothesis about the improvement of hearing selectivity due to more intensive activation of the high-frequency binaural mechanism due to the shift of the speaker’s voice spectrum occurs in noisy environment towards high frequencies, was tested. The thresholds for detecting the target signal – a two-syllable word uttered by male or female, were evaluated in the two-alternative two-interval forced choice paradigm in 4 series. Series differed by the type of target signal (ordinary or Lombard speech) and the location of target source and noise (multi-talker noise) one. The both sources were located at a distance of 1 and 4 m opposite the subject at the level of his head. The detection threshold was defined as the ratio of signal and noise levels at the listener’s place (S/N). The threshold for detecting the target signal (male and female speaker voices together) was -11 dB S/N for ordinary as well as Lombard speech. It did not depend on which of the sources - the target signal or noise, was closer to the listener. In normal speech, the detection thresholds on average differed for male and female voices, but the difference was not significant. In Lombard speech, these thresholds were significantly different: for a male voice, the threshold at a detection level of 0.67 was -10 dB S/N, and for a female voice – -12.5 dB S/N.

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Sobre autores

I. Andreeva

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: ig-andreeva@mail.ru
Rússia, Saint Petersburg

А. Lunichkin

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ig-andreeva@mail.ru
Rússia, Saint Petersburg

Е. Ogorodnikova

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences; Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ig-andreeva@mail.ru
Rússia, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Spectral characteristics of polyphonic noise. (a) – spectrogram, (b) – amplitude-frequency spectrum.

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3. Fig. 2. Detection of regular and Lombard speech signals at different positions of the source of the target signal and polyphonic noise. Abscissa – signal-to-noise ratio (dB); along the ordinate – the probability of detecting a speech stimulus against the background of polyphonic noise; TH – stimulus detection threshold; IS – stimulus with normal speech; LS – stimulus with Lombard speech; 1 m – the source of the target signal is located at a distance of 1 m from the listener; 4 m – the source of the target signal is located at a distance of 4 m from the listener. Vertical lines – confidence interval (n = 320).

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4. Fig. 3. Detection of male and female voices during ordinary and Lombard speech (the source is 1 m away from the listener) against the background of polyphonic noise (the source is 4 m away from the listener). Abscissa – signal-to-noise ratio (dB); along the ordinate – the probability of detecting a speech stimulus against the background of polyphonic noise; TH – stimulus detection threshold; ISF – stimulus with female normal speech; ISM – stimulus with male normal speech; LSF – female Lombard speech stimulus; LSM – stimulus with male Lombard speech. The markers show significant differences in the probability of detecting female and male Lombard speech; * – p < 0.05, ** – p < 0.01 (binomial test, n = 288). Vertical lines – confidence interval (n = 288).

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