Пол и возраст влияют на пищевые предпочтения и адаптацию к кратковременному потреблению высококалорийной “вкусной” пищи у мышей

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В настоящее время частота возникновения тяжелых форм ожирения увеличивается среди молодых людей и зависит от пола. Развитию ожирения способствует потребление высококалорийной “вкусной” пищи, однако влияние возраста и пола на адаптацию к высококалорийным диетам изучено мало. Задачей исследования было изучение влияния пола и возраста на краткосрочную адаптацию к высококалорийной “вкусной” диете (ВД: стандартный корм, сало и сладкое печенье) в период от юности до зрелости у мышей. Самцов и самок мышей линии C57Bl/6J содержали на ВД в течение 2 недель, начиная с возраста 7 (юные), 17 (молодые) и 27 недель (взрослые). Оценивали потребление энергии, выбор пищи, морфометрические и биохимические параметры. Пол и возраст влияли на выбор пищи и все изучаемые параметры. От юного к молодому возрасту уровень фактора роста фибробластов 21 (FGF21 – Fibroblast Growth Factor 21) в крови снижался, а потребление печенья увеличивалось. ВД увеличивала массу белого жира и уровень глюкозы в крови и снижала толерантность к глюкозе у юных самок в большей степени, чем у юных самцов. У молодых мышей ВД не оказывала влияния на толерантность к глюкозе и уровень глюкозы в крови. У взрослых мышей ВД увеличивала массу тела, вызывала развитие гиперлептинемии, гипергликемии, гиперинсулинемии и снижение толерантности к глюкозе только у самцов и не влияла на эти показатели у самок. Таким образом, реакция на высококалорийную диету меняется с возрастом и по-разному в зависимости от пола: самцы более, чем самки, устойчивы к ВД в юности, и менее – в зрелости. Пол и возраст начала диеты являются важными факторами в патофизиологии ожирения.

Об авторах

Е. Н. Макарова

Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН

Email: maken@bionet.nsc.ru
Новосибирск, Россия

П. Е. Орлов

Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН

Новосибирск, Россия

А. Ю. Казанцева

Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН

Новосибирск, Россия

Т. В. Яковлева

Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН

Новосибирск, Россия

Н. М. Бажан

Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН

Новосибирск, Россия

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