Том 24, № 3 (2024)

Background:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurological disorder, affecting more than 50 million individuals worldwide and causing gradual but progressive cognitive decline. The rising cost of medical treatment is mostly attributable to AD. There are now mainly a few slightly symptomatic therapeutic options accessible. Although this is not the primary reason, the failure to develop effective treatments for AD is often attributed to the disease's complicated pathophysiology and the wide range of underlying ideas.

Objective:Studies undertaken over the past decade have aimed to find novel methods of overcoming these barriers and effectively delivering drugs to the central nervous system. As a result, nanotechnology provides a promising alternative to the standard means of administering anti-amyloidosis drugs, enhancing expectations for a successful treatment of Alzheimer's disease. These therapeutic implications of using nanoparticle-based approaches for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease are discussed in this paper.

Methodology:Published articles from PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.org, and the Alzheimer Association reports were carefully examined to compile information on the various strategies for combating AD. That has been studied to summarize the recent advancements and clinical studies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Statistics is the study and manipulation of data, including ways to gather, review, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.

Conclusion:The biology of the BBB and its processes of penetration must be carefully taken into account while creating DDSs. If we have a better grasp of the disease's mechanism, we might be able to overcome the shortcomings of current treatments for AD. Different DDSs show interesting properties for delivering medication tailored to the brain. This review paper examines the recent applications of DDSs in diverse domains. By selecting the best targeting vectors and optimizing the combination of carriers, multifunctionalized DDS may be produced, and these DDS have a significant impact on AD therapy potential. To develop DDSs with the best therapeutic efficacy and manageable side effects, experts from a variety of fields may need to contribute their efforts. Currently, the therapeutic use of nanotechnology-based DDSs appears to be a promising prospect for AD therapy, and as the pathophysiology of AD is better understood, this strategy will develop over time.

The increased spreading of antibiotic resistance among different infectious agents has been a fast-growing public health challenge worldwide; this is because of the discovery of new resistance mechanisms and the reduction in quality and effective treatments of general pathogenic infections. This has caused unsuccessful microbial responses to standard therapy, which could lead to a higher risk of mortality, prolonged illness, and more expenditures for health care. Most parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses can produce a higher degree of multidrug resistance (MDR) with increased mortality and morbidity. Moreover, the establishment of MDR can be a natural phenomenon, improper utilization of antimicrobial drugs, lack of proper sanitary conditions, poor method of food handling, and absence of infection prevention and control (IPC), which could be responsible for the further spreading of MDR. Moreover, MDR helminth’s mechanism of action can occur via genetic alterations in the drug transport, metabolisms and target sites. MDR bacterial mode of action such as cell wall synthesis inhibitors, DNA synthesis inhibitors and so on. However, there have been different approaches to managing and preventing multi-drug resistance. Hence, this review’s aim is to educate the public about the global increase of multiple drug resistance and the danger ahead if appropriate measures are not put in place to combat microbial infections.

Background::Dengue is a major health burden worldwide, notably in tropical and subtropical countries, with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe hemorrhagic or shock syndrome. The clinical and biochemical profile of dengue has been shown in the literature to be expanding as more atypical signs have been added over the past few decades. Most dengue-related symptoms are typically mild to moderate and self-limited. However, intracranial hemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome in severe dengue is an event that has been encountered uncommonly.

Case presentation::A 30-year-old female presented with complaints of fever, headache, cough, and altered sensorium. Later, she was diagnosed with severe dengue fever complicated by dengue hemorrhagic fever, which manifested as subarachnoid and subdural bleeding and acute respiratory distress syndrome. She was managed conservatively with a positive outcome.

Conclusion::Atypical manifestation, though rare, should be kept in mind while dealing with severe dengue patients, as early detection based on anticipated risk factors and timely treatment have the potential to save lives.

Background:Leprosy, a chronic mycobacterial disease, is frequently accompanied by malnutrition. However, it is important to regularly assess the nutritional state of leprosy patients in a resource-poor nation like India, where undernutrition is widespread.

Objectives:This study aimed to compare the nutritional status of leprosy patients to that of normal individuals using the body mass index.

Methods:The electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase were used to conduct an open literature search. From 1st January 2000 to 31st January 2023, all articles were screened using the following MeSH terms: (nutrition OR body mass index OR body weight) AND (leprosy OR lepra) to find possibly relevant articles.

Results:This meta-analysis includes five research studies with a total of 1173 individuals (363 patients in the leprosy group and 810 patients in the non-leprosy group). The weighted mean difference (WMD) for BMI studies was -17.88 (95% CI -27.65 to -8.12), showing that there was a significant difference in BMp < 08.5 between leprosy patients and non-leprosy patients. There was a significant difference in DDS score and HFIAS score between patients with leprosy and non-leprosy. In a total of 342 leprosy patients, 206 developed deformities.

Conclusion:This research increases our understanding of nutrition and leprosy. The results found that people with leprosy are nutritionally at a distinct disadvantage when compared to non-leprosy patients. It emphasises the several ways in which diet may generate circumstances that increase the risk of leprosy.