Characteristics of Aliphitic and Aromatic Ion-Exchange Membranes after Electrodialysis Tartrate Stabilization of Wine Materials

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Abstract

Color indication of anthocyanins, FTIR spectroscopy, measurement of surface contact angle values, determination of specific electrical conductivity, as well as voltammetry and parallel measurement of pH of desalted solutions were used to analyze the fouling characteristics of aliphatic (CJMA-3, CJMC-3) and aromatic (AMX-Sb, CMX-Sb) ion-exchange membranes used in electrodialysis tartrate stabilization of wine material. It has been shown that polyphenols form complexes with metal ions on the surface and in the subsurface layers of cation-exchange membranes, which do not interfere with the transfer of cations. Foulants affect the magnitude of limiting currents and enhance water splitting at the surface of all studied membranes, and also reduce the electrical conductivity of anion-exchange membranes. The use of a pulsed electric field instead of a continuous direct electric current, traditional for electrodialysis, weakens the negative impact of foulants on membranes’ electrical conductivity. These data can be useful for selecting membranes and current modes when carrying out electrodialysis tartrate stabilization of wine materials.

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About the authors

E. L. Pasechnaya

Kuban State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: n_pismen@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnodar

M. A. Ponomar

Kuban State University

Email: n_pismen@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnodar

A. V. Klevtsova

Kuban State University

Email: n_pismen@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnodar

A. V. Korshunova

Kuban State University

Email: n_pismen@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnodar

V. V. Sarapulova

Kuban State University

Email: n_pismen@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnodar

N. D. Pismenskaya

Kuban State University

Email: n_pismen@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Krasnodar

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of the installation for obtaining volt-ampere characteristics of the studied membranes: 1 - Autolab PGStat-302 N electrochemical station for setting the current and measuring the potential jump; 2 - Luggin capillaries connected to microcapsules in which closed chlorosilver electrodes are placed (3); 4 - vessel with 0.02 M NaCl solution circulating in the electrode chambers; 5 - vessel with 0. 02 M NaCl solution circulating in desalting (KO) and concentrating (CC) chambers; 6 - buffer tanks for softening of pulsations of peristaltic multichannel pump Heidolph Pumpdrive 5001 (not shown); 7 - combined electrodes for pH measurement connected with pH meters Expert 001; 8 - conductometric immersion cells connected with conductometers Expert 002

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3. Fig. 2. Optical images of the surfaces of anion-exchange (a, c) and cation-exchange (b, d) membranes after their participation in the ED of tartrate stabilisation of model wine material in the NEP and PEP modes. Numbers indicate surface areas that were not in contact (1) or were in contact (2) with the wine material. The frame limits the polarisable area of the membranes, which is in contact with the components of the wine material in the applied electric field

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4. Fig. 3. Optical slice images of CJMA-3 anion exchange membrane (a) and CJMC-3 cation exchange membrane (b) after their participation in the ED of tartrate stabilisation of model wine material in the NEP mode. The upper side of the membranes was facing the desalting chamber through which the model wine material was pumped

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5. Fig. 4. IR spectrum of the model wine material

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6. Fig. 5. IR spectra of CJMC-3 (a) and AMX-Sb (b) membranes before and after ED tartrate stabilisation of model wine material using current modes of NEP and PEP

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7. Fig. 6. Specific electrical conductivity of anion-exchange (a) and cation-exchange (b) membranes before and after ED of tartrate stabilisation of model wine material using current modes of NEP and PEP. The studies were carried out in 0.5 M NaCl solution

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8. Fig. 7. Voltammetric characteristics of anion-exchange (a) and cation-exchange (b) membranes with aromatic polymer matrix, as well as pH differences at the outlet and inlet of the desalting channel (c, d), measured in parallel with obtaining the VAC. The studies were performed before and after ED tartrate stabilisation of the model wine material in 0.02 M NaCl solution. The values of the theoretical limiting current are indicated by the dotted line

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9. Fig. 8. Voltammetric characteristics of anion-exchange (a) and cation-exchange (b) membranes with aliphatic polymer matrix, as well as pH differences at the outlet and inlet of the desalting channel (c, d), measured in parallel with obtaining the VAC. The studies were performed before and after ED tartrate stabilisation of model wine material in 0.02 M NaCl solution

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10. Fig. 9. Ratios of the experimental limiting currents found from WACs for participating in ED and initial anion-exchange (a) and cation-exchange (b) membranes

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11. Fig. 10. pH difference at the outlet of the desalting channel in the case of desalting 0.02 M NaCl solution using participating ED and initial anion-exchange (a) and cation-exchange (b) membranes. Data are presented for i/ilimLev = 2.5

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