Vol 22, No 1 (2025)

Methods for examining the facial profile remain relevant to this day and are used both in the assessment of the diversity of physiological and pathological occlusion. The search for optimal methods directs specialists to the development and comparative analysis of various research methods. Purpose. To develop methods for constructing the facial intergnathic angle from the skin and bone landmarks of the teleradiography and to conduct a comparative analysis in people with physiological and pathological occlusion. Materials and methods. A study of TRH and facial photographs was carried out in 57 patients with physiolic occlusion and 39 patients with malocclusion of various classes according to Engle. A method for constructing the facial intergnatic angle from the bone and skin landmarks of the TRH is proposed. When analyzing profile photographs, the same skin points were used as in the analysis of radiographs. Results and discussion. The results of the study of TRH in people with physiological occlusal norm showed that the average value of the mandibular angle varied from 112 to 130°, with an average value of (120.56 ± 6.88)°. At the same time, the average value of the facial intergonatic angle, measured both by skin and bone landmarks, was (7.11 ± 1.22)°, which allows us to consider this value as optimal for physiological occlusion. Conclusion. The proposed method of constructing and analyzing the facial intergnathic angle showed the identity of the parameters between the bone and skin angles. The optimal value of the facial intergnathic angle in the optimal position of the jaws and even in class I occlusion anomalies varies from 6 to 10°. An increase in the angle of more than 11° is characteristic of the gnatic form of distal occlusion. A decrease in the angle of less than 5° indicates a varying degree of the gnatic form of mesial occlusion.

Purpese. To study the individual-typological mechanisms of adaptation processes in schoolchildren to physical activity. Materials and methods. The contingent of subjects included 5th grade schoolchildren aged 10–12 (60 boys) of school No. 32 in Tolyatti. The OG included 30 boys, the schoolchildren attended two physical education lessons per week for 45 minutes per lesson, two lessons according to the correctional and developmental program, also for 45 minutes per lesson. The CG also included 30 boys who attended two physical education lessons per week, two lessons were devoted to sports games - volleyball, basketball. Schoolchildren in the OG and CG comparison were of the same age, gender, functional class, health group (main group). They had no deviations in health. The groups were homogeneous in their composition. The conducted study is devoted to obtaining additional data on the identified four types of vegetative regulation and the features of their formation in schoolchildren aged 10–12 years under the influence of physical activity. Results end discussion. The rationale for the need to use differentiated physical exercises for physical education of schoolchildren in physical education lessons was obtained. A comprehensive study of the types of vegetative regulation using the HRV method confirmed the universal nature of the types of vegetative regulation, which are genetically determined and formed in the process of individual development under the influence of environmental factors, which for schoolchildren is largely a learning environment. An increase in the number of schoolchildren with type III vegetative regulation is observed when using typologically oriented exercises in physical education lessons. Conclusion. Children's adaptation to physical activity improves, they better meet the standards for physical fitness. A student's health card is compiled for the entire period of study at school.

The results of treatment of 65 patients with perforated peptic ulcer who were treated at the General Surgery Clinic of Volgograd State Medical University, based on Volgograd Regional Clinical Hospital No1, in the period 2017–2023 were analyzed. More than half of the patients [55 % (n = 36)] were admitted to the surgical hospital later than 24 hours after the onset of the disease. Depending on the time of hospitalization (before and after 24 hours), the mortality rate for perforated ulcers is 0 % and 44.7 %, the incidence of postoperative complications is 14 % and 50 %, respectively. In conditions of late admission, the proportion of minimally invasive operations was 12 %. An assessment of the motivation factors of surgeons when choosing the type of surgery showed that laparotomy interventions are preferred due to the presence of diffuse purulent peritonitis, due to hypotension and contraindications to the creation of a tense pneumoperitoneum and due to the combined complications of peptic ulcer disease. 

Studies of the morphological substrate of stress effects on the organism help to understand the role of various brain structures in reactions to stressors, but the detailed mechanisms of these reactions remain poorly understood. Purpse. To study morphofunctional changes in the retrosplenial cortex, one of the important structures in the brain's reactions to stress, when modeling social stress in mice in comparison with intact animals. Materials and Methods. The study was performed on CBA (lac) mice in the paradigm of chronic social defeat stress for 20 days. After the animals were withdrawn from the experiment, micropreparations with Nissl staining, photofixation and qualitative and quantitative analysis with statistical processing were made from the brain material. Results end discussion. According to the morphometry results, there was a reliable increase in the perimeter of neuronal nuclei by 7.3 % (3.0–11.5 %) and the perimeter of perikarya by 9.5 % (5.1–14.0 %) in V layer of the granular retrosplenial cortex. However, these processes were accompanied by a decrease in the density of neurons with decrease in the relative areas of pericaryons by 16.5 % (8.7–24.3 %) and nuclei of neurons by 16.3 % (9.3–25.6 %). At the same time, there were opposite changes in the II/III layer of the agranular retrosplenial cortex in the form of neuron atrophy with a significant decrease in the area of the nuclei by 15.9 % (9.5–22.3 %), the perimeter of the nuclei by 7.8 % (4.5–11.1 %) and the perimeter of the pericaryons by 7.1 % (3.7–10.4 %), which also developed on against the background of a decrease in the density of neurons with a decrease in the relative area of their nuclei by 13.2 % (7.5–18.9 %). Conclusion. The obtained results are morphological evidence of the participation of the retrosplenial cortex in the body's response to chronic social stress of defeat in the form of reciprocal changes in its substructures.

Comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with anomalies of the maxillofacial region is one of the urgent tasks of dentistry. The aim of the study was to develop methods of differential diagnosis and to determine the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with gnathic variants of distal occlusion. Material and methods. The study included two main stages. At the first stage, a retrospective analysis of teleradiographs of 49 patients with physiological occlusion and 32 radiographs with distal occlusion was carried out. To determine the position of the jaws, nasal-supramental (sn-n-sm) was assessed. Results and discussion. The nasal-supramental angle in the comparison group was (8.95 ± 1.67)°. In distal occlusion, the angle was more than 11°. In all variants of physiological occlusion, the proportionality of the interalveolar and alveolar-dental parameters of the upper and lower jaws was determined. The gnathic forms of distal occlusion anomalies are characterized by a discrepancy in the size of the jaws and, in particular, in the dentoalveolar dimensions. Conclusion. To determine the vertical parameters, it is recommended to use the principle of the "golden section", in which the ratio of the value of the nasal-gnatic angle to the value of the gnatic angle is close to the values of the Fibonacci number (1.618). The use of the value of the nasal-suprametric facial angle can be used in clinical practice to determine the forms of distal occlusion. The proportionality of the parameters of the dentoalveolar arches determines the relationship between the dimensions of the upper and lower jaw, which can be used as a determination of the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients with various forms of occlusion anomalies according to Sagittali.

The article presents the results of a study of the public attitudes towards the use of mHealth apps in the context of prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. The survey of 461 residents of Volgograd region has shown the willingness of more than 70 % of respondents in age groups under 35 years to pay for a subscription to the mHealth app under certain conditions. The most demanded features of mHealth apps were identified, as well as the factors of adherence to the use of such applications.