Effect of Moose Urine on the Chemical Profile of Soils in a Taiga Ecosystem

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The assessment of animals’ participation in the cycles of biogenic compounds allows to determine the key importance of species in the functioning of ecosystems and the strength of ecological connections within the biome. Such studies are especially relevant in the vast zone of boreal forests with diverse herbivore communities. The direct impact of wild ungulates on the chemical composition of a soil occurs primarily through feces and urine. The purpose of our study is to assess changes in the chemical composition of the soil under the influence of urine of the largest taiga herbivore – moose (Alces alces) in the north-east of the European part of Russia. During the period of snow melting, winter moose urine spots were marked on an overgrown field with a mosaic of tree-shrub vegetation. Soil samples were taken in two horizons (0–5 cm and 5–20 cm) under the points of moose urination and in the control. Standard soil indicators were analyzed: pH, organic matter content, NH4+, NO3–, P2O5, K2O, Ca, Mg. The decrease in acidity, high concentration of potassium oxide and some nitrogen-containing compounds were noted in the spring soil samples taken under the winter urinary patches. In particular, the concentration of ammonium in the soil under the influence of moose urine is 350% higher than the control soil location. Maximum changes in the chemical profile from the presence of urine was found in the uppermost soil horizon. The local concentrations of chemicals on the urinary patch create an anomalous soil chemical spot. By autumn, according to many indicators, the concentrations of urinary substances in the affected soil decrease to the background level, that is, rapid degradation and transformation of urine components occur in the soil during one warm growing season. No significant differences in the concentration of organic matter, calcium and magnesium in the soil were found between the soil samples from moose urinary patches and the control. It is calculated that all population groups of moose in Russia annually excrete 3.85 Mt of urine over a total area of about 700 km2. The moose excretions increase the heterogeneity of the soil profile and contribute to the intensification of biogeochemical cycles.

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A. Skopin

Zhitkov Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: scopin@bk.ru
俄罗斯联邦, 79, Preobrazhenskaya St., Kirov, 610000

S. Lipatnikova

Zhitkov Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming

Email: scopin@bk.ru
俄罗斯联邦, 79, Preobrazhenskaya St., Kirov, 610000

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2. Fig. 1. Soil organic matter content and pH at moose urine points and background area (control).

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3. Fig. 2. Nitrogen compounds, phosphate and potassium content in soil at moose urine points and background area (control).

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4. Fig. 3. Magnesium and calcium content in soil at moose urine points and background area (control).

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