Том 60, № 3 (2024)

The paper studies the relationship between the innovation performance of Russian industrial enterprises and the degree of technological novelty of their innovative products. For this purpose, the innovation function is introduced. That function reflects the dependence of the “output” of the innovation process on its factors measured by the costs of process and product innovations. Hypotheses about the properties of this function are discussed. The relationship between the two types of innovation costs is considered. As an indicator of technological efficiency the ratio of the value of innovative products to the innovative resource costs is used. The dependence of the performance indicator on innovation costs is investigated. The points of local maxima (local technological optimum) of the performance indicator for the size classes of Russian industrial enterprises are found. It is shown that there is a relationship between the effectiveness of innovative activity and the degree of technological novelty of innovative products. As an indicator of the degree of technological novelty the share of the innovative products new to the market in all innovative products is used. It was established that there is a change in the trend of innovative production from the production of radical to incremental innovative products when approaching the technological optimum.

The UN Conference COP 28 (2023) showed the failure of the global strategy contained in the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement. This encourages us to return to the problem of additional measures to protect natural habitats through a transition to moderate rates of economic growth, population growth and anthropogenic pressure on the environment. The article analyzes the ecological limits of growth of the world capitalist system, its economy and the global population. In order to preserve the natural habitat, capitalism inevitably faces transformation into a new post-capitalist formation capable of providing a moderate anthropogenic load on the environment accompanied by an increase in welfare and the preservation of the natural habitat for future generations. In dangerous proximity to the ecological limits of growth, it is necessary to abandon the prevailing goals of maximizing the scale of global economy and population, to reorient the population of the developing countries towards moderate fertility due to an increase in human development and quality-of-life indices, especially in the countries with low levels of above-mentioned indices accompanied by high population growth rates. A three-dimensional system of measuring economic growth is proposed. The conditions for economic growth balanced with the state of the environment are formulated.

This article extends the array of tools available for the analysis and advancement of structural policies using dynamic inter-sectoral balance, expressed in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations. This development became achievable following the publication of the authors’ methods for digitizing and calibrating such a structural model, thereby transforming it from a set of “purely theoretical constructs” into a set of computational and pragmatically valuable models. Formally, the digitization process for the model involves the introduction and computation of the eigen (intra-industry) and mutual (inter-industry) inertia matrices, the elements of which are time-dependent. These matrices substitute the conventional incremental capital intensity matrix within the model. It is worth noting that, unlike other scientific summaries, the matrix of incremental capital intensity is nowhere to be found in global statistics. No statistical institute worldwide develops or publishes it for any economy. The second factor that enhances the practical utility of the model lies in the utilization of the matrix of financial flow coefficients for its calibration. The computations conducted and presented here lead to the conclusion that the model is proficient in providing robust forecasts of gross output in current and comparable prices within the timeframe covered by Rosstat’s basic “input–output” tables. In its current format, the model holds potential as a valuable tool for scrutinizing structural changes within the domestic economy and for comparing Russia’s economic trends with those of other developed and developing nations. Digitizing it for use at the regional level would enable similar analyses on a mesolevel scale.

Subject: application of the quality economics methodology to obtain scientifically based assessments of the quality of life in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District. The purpose of the study: research development related to the search for possible areas of impact on the socio-economic system that contribute to improving the population’s quality of life in the context of digitalization (according to the data from St. Petersburg and the regions of the Northwestern Federal District). In the course of the study, a quality of life model was created for the regions of the Northwestern Federal District. A basic and comprehensive assessment of the quality of life was carried out, so now we can trace the more than ten-year dynamics of the indicator, group the regions, identify and justify their common and accusatory features in the context of the study. An analysis of individual characteristics of the quality of life in the Northwestern Federal District regions has shown that it is possible to measure the contribution that medical and demographic conditions, socio-economic well-being, comfort and safety of the living environment make to the quality of life indicator. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that it is important to assess the contribution of these components to determine the direction of regional development policy. In the interests of revealing promising opportunities for obtaining algorithmic solutions in the field of standardization of quality of life management in the region, a new format of a multi-level quality management system is proposed. The use of a digitalized format for managerial decision-making in a multi-level quality management system will greatly increase their effectiveness by expanding the capabilities of analyzing complex data without clear relationships, including for forecasting and optimizing processes occurring at the local, regional, and national levels.

The article analyzes the structural transformations of Russian industry in the context of external constraints and the need to ensure technological sovereignty in high-tech industries. The scientific hypothesis of the work is the assumption of the importance of cross-sectoral coordination of subjects of industrial policy in order to develop the production of critical products. The digital industrial ecosystem of the unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) industry is considered as an object of research. The purpose of the research is to develop the foundations of the structure of the ecosystem model of the development of the UAS industry and substantiate the feasibility of its application in the interests of improving high-tech industries of the Russian Federation. The article offers the author’s interpretations of the concepts of “digital industrial ecosystem” and “cross-industry ecosystem”, substantiates the principles of functioning of the ecosystem model and its architecture. An ecosystem model of the development of the UAS industry was developed, including management bodies, technical infrastructure, organizational and economic tools, technological clusters and a network of participants. The main distinguishing features of the proposed model from the existing ones are: the distribution of ecosystem management bodies that ensure the autonomy of management at all horizontal and hierarchical levels of its organization; the ecosystem is considered as an instrument of the mechanism of strategic development of high-tech industries involved in the creation of civil-purpose UAS, and provides cross-industry interaction of participants in order to accelerate the development of industrial production and the formation of the UAS market. The ecosystem management model will ensure the possession of up-to-date data of actual and planned indicative evaluation indicators of the state and development of the industry on a time scale close to real, based on the principle of digital transparency.

The developed countries experience indicates the relevance of managing problems of the territorial industrial complexes and the need to create and develop applicable models based on modern approaches that take into account uncertainty and the possibility of management optimizing. The methodological basis of the research was the theory of industrial economics, the theory of economic and mathematical modeling, the theory of optimal control, optimization theory, and game theory. The model uses an agent-oriented approach, methods of economic and mathematical modeling, methods of building management systems of socio-economic systems, a minimax approach. Three-level management model of the regional industrial complex is proposed, its hierarchical subject-object structure is determined. The parameters of industrial facilities are presented in the form of a phase vector, and for each agent the structure of control and information links, algorithms for the choice of control actions are formalized. The problems of forming minimax control actions sets for each agent, solved in the course of using the model, are formulated, and a general consistent algorithm for choosing optimal control actions is proposed. The developed model will make possible to implement it in a software environment and create a tool for modeling the processes of managing the regional industrial complex, and in future — a flexible extensible software toolkit for managing industry at the regional level is to be created.

We reassess the Russian stock market behavior in terms of the relationship between risk parameters and return on assets in connection with global structural changes in 2022. The subject of this study is volatility curves calculated from quotes of exchange options on RTS index futures. The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between volatility curves and the distribution of returns in 2015–2022, to analyze changes in the structure of this relationship in 2022, to assess the applicability of the GARCH model and to develop new investment and hedge strategies on the Russian stock market. The issue of interpreting the dynamics of volatility curves is disputable however, it was theoretically developed in the theory of valuation of derivative financial instruments. As a result of the study, unrelated structures of the distribution of returns and volatility curves for the RTS composite index were found throughout the entire period concerned, regardless of the presence of external shocks. It is concluded that in the Russian stock market, investors prefer protective options rather than speculative ones, despite the negative asymmetry of the distribution of RTS index returns. And despite the greater weight of positive returns in their distribution in each period under consideration, due to the technical features of the functioning of return indicators, the negative asymmetry of the return distribution does not necessarily correlate with growing volatility curves.