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Vol 518, No 1 (2024)

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Articles

Point mutations in the M-domainof PCID2 impair its functionin mRNA exportin Drosophila melanogaster

Vdovina Y.А., Georgieva S.G., Kopytova D.V.

Abstract

PCID2 protein is a component of the eukaryotic TREX-2 complex responsible for mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Previously, we showed that PCID2 of D. melanogaster is involved in specific mRNA recognition and identified key amino acids responsible for interaction with the RNA of the ras2 gene. In this work, we show that point mutations of these amino acids disrupt the interaction of the protein with cellular RNA and the export of polyA-containing mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in Drosophila cells.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):5-9
pages 5-9 views

A. A. Shelepchikov1, 2, Determination of anthropogenic pollutantsin the adipose tissue of the Caspian seal (Pusa caspica Gmelin, 1788) using high-resolution acc

Shelepchikov А.А., Kudryavtseva А.D., Brodsky Е.S., Mir-Kadyrova Е.Y., Solovyova М.А., Klimov F.V., Rozhnov V.V.

Abstract

The possibility of comprehensive characterization of tissue contamination of living organisms by organic pollutants in the course of a single analysis by combining GC and high resolution accurate mass-spectrometry has been demonstrated. Samples of adipose tissue from two Caspian seals (Pusa caspica Gmelin, 1788), found dead in 2020 on the shores of the Caspian Sea, were studied. The main pollutants of the Caspian seal are organochlorine pesticides, primarily DDT and HCH, as well as PCBs. The distribution of metabolites indicates the absence of recent pesticide use. The PCB content is relatively high, but, as for pesticides, is at the lower limit of the range of values previously determined. Chlordanes, polychlorinated naphthalenes and polybrominated diphenyl ethers were not detected in quantities that would allow them to be considered the main pollutants of the Caspian seal. Contaminant levels are below levels at which a clear effect on seal health can be expected. High-resolution accurate mass spactrometry has proven to be a convenient tool for performing both target and non-target analysis of a wide range of organic pollutants in one experiment.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):10-15
pages 10-15 views

Large marine bird (Aves: procellariiformes) in the eocene of Western Siberia

Zelenkov N.V., Maslintsyna М.P., Malyshkina Т.P., Maslennikov А.А., Syromyatnikova Е.V., Gimranov D.О.

Abstract

The article describes the first find of a bird from the Paleogene of Siberia. A tibiotarsus fragment from the Eocene Tavda Formation of the Tyumen Region (Western Siberia) is referred to Procellariiformes. The described bird is morphologically closer to Procellariidae, but comparable in size to albatrosses (Diomedeidae) and, apparently, represents the stem representatives of this family. The find indicates for the first time that either stem albatrosses or large Procellariiformes similar to them could have had a worldwide distribution already in the Eocene.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):16-20
pages 16-20 views

Drosophila protein Z4 has N-terminal ZAD dimerization domain

Bonchuk А.N., Georgiev P.G.

Abstract

Drosophila transcription factor Z4 (putzig) is one of the key proteins that determines chromatin structure in Drosophila. It is localized at the boundaries of the “bands” of polytene chromosomes, which, according to modern concepts, correlate with chromatin domains. The Z4 protein is a component of a protein complex that also includes the Chromator and BEAF-32 proteins, which require a conserved domain at the N-terminus of Z4 to interact with them. In this study, we showed that this domain is a ZAD (Zinc-finger associated). Using biochemical methods, the ability of this domain to dimerize was confirmed. A dimer model of this domain was obtained using AlphaFold2, the structure of which was confirmed using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The dimer structure shows a fold typical of ZAD domains.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):21-25
pages 21-25 views

Tip-Tugai cave – the first cave hyena Crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823) den in the Urals

Khantemirov D.R., Kochnev А.V., Strukova Т.V., Gimranov D.О., Kosintsev P.А.

Abstract

The new site of Tip-Tugai Cave (52°59’28.6”N, 57°00’22.3”E) is described. The bone-bearing layer is dated at MIS 3 isotope stage based in the fauna of small mammals. Finds of abundant remains of Crocuta spelaea individuals of different ages and the presence of large herbivores bones with hyena gnaw marks indicate that the Tip-Tugai Cave was used as a hyena den in the Late Pleistocene. This is the first described cave hyena den in the Urals.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):26-30
pages 26-30 views

Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal herbsis selectively decreased in communities invaded by alien tree Acer negundo

Veselkin D.V., Dubrovin D.I., Rafikova О.S.

Abstract

We tested whether one of the consequences of alien plant invasion predicted by the mutualism disruption hypothesis was true in regard to ash-leaved maple (Acer negundo L.). The study aimed to determine whether the occurrence of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal herbs varied similarly or differently in communities with different degrees of A. negundo dominance. We analysed the results of 78 relevés carried out in the Belarusian Polesie, the Middle Volga region and the Middle Urals. In each region, communities with dominance of A. negundo and without it were described. The mycorrhizal status of plant species was determined using the FungalRoot Database. It was found, with an increase in probability of arbuscular mycorrhiza formation, the frequency of those species’ registration was decreased in A. negundo thickets. On the contrary, with an increase in probability of non-mycorrhizal status, the frequency of those species’ registration was increased in A. negundo thickets. Therefore, in communities dominated by A. negundo, the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal herbs was selectively decreased.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):31-35
pages 31-35 views

Generation of LEPR K nockout Rabbits with CRISPR/CAS9 System

Silaeva Y.Y., Safonova P.D., Popov D.V., Filatov М.А., Okulova Y.D., Shafei R.А., Skobel О.I., Vysotskii D.E., Gubarev Y.D., Glazko V.I., Glazko T.T., Georgiev P.G., Kosovsky G.Y., Shepelev М.V.

Abstract

In humans mutations in the LEPR gene, encoding leptin hormone receptor, are associated with the development of morbid obesity, lipid metabolism dysregulation, defects of fertility. In rodents spontaneous mutations in Lepr gene have been described. Lepr knock-out (KO) animals have been generated using classical KO technology or CRISPR/Cas9 system. In rodents lipid metabolism is significantly different from that in humans or rabbits, therefore rabbits are considered as the most relevant model of morbid obesity and lipid metabolism dysregulation in humans, but so far LEPR knock-out rabbits have not been reported. Here using CRISPR/Cas9 system we generated LEPR knock-out rabbit by introducing a deletion of the region around exon 10 of the LEPR gene. We showed that the body weight of the knock-out rabbit was significantly higher than an average body weight of the wild type rabbits. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated technology for the generation of the LEPR knock-out rabbits will allow for the development of the model of morbid obesity and endocrine defects in humans due to leptin receptor mutations.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):36-45
pages 36-45 views

Age peculiarities of homeostasis responsein Wistar rats to cold stress: hardening or disorganization?

Kondashevskaya М.V., Artemyeva К.А., Aleksankina V.V., Manukhina Е.B., Mikhaleva L.М.

Abstract

Cold exposure, especially in combination with physical activity, are common hardening procedures. However, the effects of such procedures in old age have been little studied. This study, conducted using the homeostasis stability coefficient indicator, provides for the first time comprehensive information on the body response of old and young Wistar rats to a 20-minute swim in cold water. The effects of hormonal, hematological and morphofunctional systems have been studied. Unfavorable age-related changes in the stability of homeostasis were discovered in old rats, which complicate its recovery after cold stress and require the involvement of a greater number of homeostatic mechanisms compared to young animals. The liver was found to be the most vulnerable organ to cold stress. It is concluded that it is possible to use cold hardening procedures in old age, considering age restrictions.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):46-52
pages 46-52 views

Intraspecific variabilityof the norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Russia according to D-loop mtDNA data

Maltsev А.N., Kartavtseva I.V., Stakheev V.V., Komarov V.Y., Bazhenov Y.А., Khlyap L.А., Kotenkova Е.V.

Abstract

For the first time in Russia, a study of the intraspecific structure of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) was carried out using the mitochondrial marker of the control region (D-loop) of mtDNA. MtDNA sequences of brown rats from 8 regions of the European and Asian parts of Russia were analyzed. Three clades of rats have been identified: in the European part of Russia –1, in the Asian part – 2. Synanthropic subspecies – R. n. norvegicus is represented by european and asian lineages. The european lineage included haplotypes from the regions of central and southern Russia, and the Asian lineage included haplotypes from Eastern Siberia and the Far East. The previously described free living subspecies, R. n. caraco from the Russian Far East was represented as separate genetic lineage.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):53-57
pages 53-57 views

Conformational changes in DNAand protein biomolecules in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke

Trofimov А.V., Vlasova Т.I., Trofimov V.А., Sidorov D.I., Spirina М.А.

Abstract

The study assessed conformational changes in DNA and protein biomolecules during ischemic stroke (IS) of varying severity using RAMAN spectroscopy. In patients with IS, the conformational structure of hemoporphyrin changes and, as a consequence, the ratio (I1355/I1550)/(I1375/I1580) (the affinity of hemoglobin for ligands) increases and an increase in I1375/I1172 (change in the conformation of pyrroles) is recorded. Changes in the spectra of genomic DNA are also observed at frequencies caused by stretching vibrations of primary amines (3400 cm–1), secondary amines and hydroxyls involved in hydrogen bonding (3100 cm–1), CH2 groups of sugar phosphates (2900 cm–1) , vibrations of vibrational bonds between nitrogenous bases and sugars (1400 cm–1). During IS, significant changes are observed in the spectra of genomic DNA and hemoglobin, which indicate conformational rearrangements of these molecules. In severe IS, the severity of the detected changes in the spectra of DNA and hemoglobin was maximum.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):58-63
pages 58-63 views

The oldest swallow (Aves: Passeriformes: Hirundinidae)from the upper Lower Miocene of the southof Eastern Siberia

Volkova N.V.

Abstract

A new genus and species of fossil swallows, Miochelidon eschata gen. et sp. nov., are described from the Lower Miocene of the Baikal region. This is the only Miocene representative of the Hirundinidae and the oldest fossil record of the group. The coracoid of Miochelidon combines generalized and specialized features, suggesting a basal position in the family for the genus. The ulna has a more advanced morphology, like in modern swallow. The find indicates a widespread distribution of basal swallows in the Early Miocene.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):64-69
pages 64-69 views

Cheetah Acinonyx pardinensis (Felidae, Carnivora)from the Early Pleistocene of Crimea (Taurida cave)

Gimranov D.O., Madurell-Malapeira J., Jiangzuo Q., Lavrov A.V., Lopatin A.V.

Abstract

A mandible fragment of Acinonyx pardinensis (Croizet et Jobert, 1828) is described from the Early Pleistocene locality in the Taurida cave (Crimea, Late Villafranchian, about 1.8–1.5 Ma). This is the first discovery of the genus Acinonyx in the Pleistocene of Crimea. Along with other felids, such as Homotherium, Megantereon, Panthera, Lynx, and Puma, cheetahs were typical representatives of the Late Villafranchian faunas of Eurasia. In the Taurida locality, Acinonyx pardinensis is co-occurred with Homotherium crenatidens, Megantereon adroveri, and Lynx issiodorensis.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):70-75
pages 70-75 views

Composition and Content of Fatty Acids in Muscle Tissue of the Potanin Altai Osman Oreoleuciscus potanini (Cypriniformes, Actinopterigii) from Mongolian Reservoirs

Dgebuadze Y.Y., Sushchik N.N., Mendsaikhan B., Altansukh D., Emelianova A.Y., Gladyshev M.I.

Abstract

The composition of fatty acids in the muscle tissue of the unique Central Asian carp-like fish of the Potanin Altai osman Oreoleuciscus potanini was studied for the first time. The populations of these fish in the reservoirs of the semi-desert zone (Durgun and Taishir) during the period of their formation are considered. It was shown that the content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids in O. potanini corresponds to the median value of this value in the order Cypriniformes. It has been established that the basis of the food web of the herbivorous form of this species consists of microalgae: diatoms, euglens and, possibly, chrysophytes, as well as bacteria. At the same time, the levels of bacterial biomarkers, 15–17BFA and 17:0 were significantly higher in fish in the Durgun reservoir, and the level of EPA (diatom biomarker) in O. potanini in the Taishir reservoir. The established higher values of the heavy nitrogen isotope content in the muscles of O. potanini from the Taishir reservoir are most likely associated with not yet formed benthic communities and with the incomplete diversification of the river form of the Potanin Altai Osman into lacustrine forms.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):76-80
pages 76-80 views

The study of TRPV1 channelsof the central nervous systemand their effect on anxiety in ICR mice

Pavlov V.M., Fedotova A.Y., Andreev Y.A., Palikov V.A., Dyachenko I.A.

Abstract

The TRPV1 channel is actively involved in various neuronal processes and is found in various structures of the nervous system, including peripheral and central neurons, sensory ganglia, spinal cord and various parts of the brain. Due to its ability to respond to various stimuli, TRPV1 can have a significant impact on the body’s responses to stress. Studies indicate the involvement of TRPV1 in the regulation of anxiety behavior. Suppression of TRPV1 activity leads to a decrease in the level of anxiety in animals, which indicates the importance of this channel in psychoemotional regulation. A promising compound for inhibiting this channel is the APHC3 peptide, which is a selective receptor antagonist. The results obtained in the course of our study show that this peptide has a pronounced anxiolytic effect, reducing the level of anxiety in the studied animals.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):81-85
pages 81-85 views

Study Using the Micronuclear Test of Radiosensitivity and Induction Radiation of Adaptive Response in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Patients with Oncological Diseases

Balakin V.E., Rozanova O.M., Strelnikova N.S., Smirnova E.N., Belyakova T.A.

Abstract

Radiosensitivity to low and medium doses of X-ray radiation (XR) and the ability to induce a radiation adaptive response (RAR) of lymphocytes during in vitro irradiation of peripheral blood of patients with cancer were studied. The criterion for cytogenetic damage was the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in cytochalasin-blocked binucleate lymphocytes in culture. It was found that the spontaneous level of cytogenetic damage in the lymphocytes of patients was 2.6 times higher than in healthy volunteers, and there was also significant interindividual variability in values compared to the control cohort. There were no differences in mean values for radiosensitivity to low and medium doses of XR between the study groups. There was no correlation between the spontaneous level of MN in lymphocytes and the radiosensitivity of individuals in both groups. RAR was induced with the same frequency and to the same extent in lymphocytes from both patients and healthy individuals.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):86-92
pages 86-92 views

Pharmacological Modulation of Cognitivr Test Solution in Mice of Two Genotypes

Perepelkina O.V., Poletaeva I.I.

Abstract

Mice of two strains selected for successful solution of “object permanence” test and for lack of such solution demonstrated the differential reaction to injections of two drugs. The injections of atomoxetine. which blocks the noradrenaline reuptake, and of ‘non-benzodiazepine” anxiolytic afobazol was different. The success of solutions increased in mice selected for this test “non-solution”: and decreased or was inefficient in mice, selected for successful solution of object permanence cognitive test.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):93-95
pages 93-95 views

Xmas-2 protein, a core protein of the TREX-2 mRNA export complex, is not determined the specificity of Ras2 mRNA binding by the complex

Kurshakova M.M., Vdovina Y.A., Georgieva S.G., Kopytova D.V.

Abstract

The TREX-2 complex of eukaryotes is responsible for the export of a wide range of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Previously, we showed that a subunit of the D. melanogaster TREX-2 complex, the PCID2 protein, has a domain that specifically interacts with RNA. However, it remains unknown whether other components of the complex are involved in interaction with and recognition of the target mRNA. In the present work, we determined the role of Xmas-2, the core structural subunit of the complex, in the specific recognition of ras2 mRNA fragments. In this work, we showed that Xmas-2, interacts with ras2 mRNA independently of other subunits of the complex. We showed that RNA-binding domains are located in both the N-terminal domain and the C-terminal domain of Xmas-2. However, the interaction of the protein with ras2 mRNA fragments is independent of RNA sequence and structure and is nonspecific. Thus, the Xmas-2 subunit is not involved in the recognition of specific RNA sequences by the complex.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):96-100
pages 96-100 views

Error-prone DNA synthesis on click-ligated templates

Endutkin A.V., Yakovlev A.O., Zharkov T.D., Golyshev V.M., Yudkina A.V., Zharkov D.O.

Abstract

Click ligation is a technology of joining DNA fragments based on azide–alkyne cycloaddition. In the most common variant, click ligation introduces a 4-methyl-1,2,3-triazole (trz) group instead of the phosphodiester bond between two adjacent nucleosides. While this linkage is believed to be biocompatible, little is known about the possibility of its recognition by DNA repair systems or its potential for DNA polymerase stalling and miscoding. Here we report that trz linkage is resistant to several human and bacterial endonucleases involved in DNA repair. At the same time, it strongly blocks some DNA polymerases (Pfu, DNA polymerase β) while allowing bypass by others (phage RB69 polymerase, Klenow fragment). All polymerases except for DNA polymerase β showed high frequency of misinsertion at the trz site, incorporating dAMP instead of the next complementary nucleotide. Thus, click ligation may be expected to produce a large amount of errors if used in custom gene synthesis.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):101-107
pages 101-107 views

Circadian Regulation of Expression of Carotenoid Metabolism Genes (PSY2, LCYE, CRTRB1, NCED1) in Leaves of Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L.

Filyushin M.A., Shchennikova A.V., Kochieva E.Z.

Abstract

The circadian dynamics of the expression of key genes of carotenoid metabolism (PSY2, LCYE, CrtRB1, and NCED1) in the photosynthetic tissue of tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. (cultivar Korneevsky) plants was characterized. An in silico analysis of the gene expression pattern was carried out and a high level of their transcripts was detected in the leaf tissue. qRT-PCR analysis of gene expression was performed at six time points during the day and found the highest levels of PSY2, LCYE and NCED1 transcripts in the second half of the light phase, and CrtRB1 – at the end of the dark phase. The content and composition of carotenoids in leaf tissue in the middle of the day was determined and it was shown that the leaf accumulates 1.5 times more compounds of the ɛ/β-branch of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway than compounds of the β/β-branch.

Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o žizni. 2024;518(1):108-112
pages 108-112 views